The purpose of this investigation was to classify a sample of high school biology students into concrete and formal operational levels using three separate instruments: (1) a battery of Piagetian tasks (the pendulum, bending rods, and the balance beam); (2) a written biology examination consisting of questions requiring concrete and formal…

The relative efficacy of both group and individual cognitive behavior therapeutic approaches in treating anxiety and depression are evaluated and then compared to an interpersonal group therapy approach. The two major hypotheses are that group cognitive behavior therapy is at least as effective as individual cognitive behavior therapy, and that…

Interpretation of experimental tasks is influenced by knowledge of the language used, by assessment of what the experimenter intends, and by how subjects themselves would normally represent the physical situation. Whether these processes in which children engage in cognitive studies differ from those employed by adults in similar tasks was…

A PROTOTYPIC GUIDE TO READING SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL FOCUSES ON THE COGNITIVE SKILLS THAT INFLUENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN READING. THE GUIDE PROVIDES EXPLICIT STATEMENTS OF THE FOLLOWING SKILLS -- WORD RECOGNITION, COMPREHENSION, STUDY SKILLS, SELF-DIRECTED READING, INTERPRETIVE READING, AND CREATIVE READING--AND A SPECIFIC FRAMEWORK…

THE ACQUISITION OF LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED AS A QUESTION OF SPECIFYING HOW CHILDREN'S CAPACITY FOR LANGUAGE INTERACTS WITH THEIR LINGUISTIC EXPERIENCE--THE INTERACTION TAKING THE FORM OF RELATING THE UNIVERSAL ASPECTS OF THE DEEP STRUCTURE TO THE IDIOSYNCRATIC ASPECTS OF THE SURFACE STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE. THIS INTERACTION OCCURS IN THE ACQUISITION…

A 3-MONTH STATUS REPORT WAS MADE ON THE ACTIVITIES PURSUED IN PHASE 1 OF A LARGER 10-YEAR PROJECT DEALING WITH THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN TRANSFER OF TRAINING. REPORTS OF ONGOING PROJECTS AND THEIR CURRENT STATUS WERE PRESENTED. THEY INCLUDED (1) A STUDY OF THE TRANSFER EFFECTS OF WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS TO TASK PERFORMANCE…

THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS MATERIAL ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF COGNITION. APPROXIMATELY 120 UNANNOTATED REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED TO DOCUMENTS DATING MAINLY FROM 1960 TO 1966. LISTINGS ARE PRIMARILY JOURNAL ARTICLES, CONFERENCE PAPERS, AND RESEARCH REPORTS. SOME OF THE SUBJECT AREAS INCLUDED ARE (1) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, (2) PIAGET'S THEORIES, (3)…

THIS DOCUMENT IS A COPY OF A SPEECH WHICH LOOKS AT EDUCATIONAL CHANGE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST. THE AUTHORS POINT OUT THAT EDUCATIONAL HISTORY SUPPORTS THE THESIS THAT CHANGES IN THE AIMS AND FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION ARE DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE VIEW THE LARGER SOCIAL CONTEXT HOLDS OF ITS OWN AIMS AND FUNCTIONS. THEY…

TO DETERMINE THE RANGE OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES IMPLICIT IN THE QUESTIONS ASKED BY STUDENT TEACHERS AND THEIR PUPILS IN HIGH SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES CLASSES, 44 CLASSES WERE OBSERVED ACCORDING TO THE TEACHER PUPIL QUESTION INVENTORY (TPQI) DEVELOPED BY THE INVESTIGATORS. THE TPQI REQUIRES A 30-MINUTE CLASSROOM OBSERVATION DIVIDED INTO ALTERNATING…

This second in a series of seven related teaching guides that together outline a public school district's English language arts curriculum for kindergarten through grade six focuses on a course of study for grade one. The guide explains the district's overall philosophy and teaching goals and the philosophy behind the development of a curriculum…

This third in a series of seven related teaching guides that together outline a public school district's English language arts curriculum for kindergarten through grade six focuses on a course of study for grade two. The guide explains the district's overall philosophy and teaching goals and the philosophy behind the development of a curriculum…

This paper reports the results of the second of a series of collaborative studies examining how children acquire the skills to represent and solve verbal addition and subtraction problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the cognitive processing capabilities of a group of Tasmanian (Australian) children. Fifteen cognitive tests were…

Although age-related memory differences in adulthood occur in a variety of memory tasks, most of these tasks represent uncommon memory demands. An investigation of everyday memory demands explored the effect of contextual organization on memory performance of middle aged (N=20) and older (N=20) women. Tasks involved reconstruction of spatial…

A large stratified sample of university undergraduate students differing in reading ability performed a diverse set of psychometric and information processing tasks in a study exploring the role of visual information processing skill as a component in reading ability. Using a correlation analysis of individual differences, the interrelationships…

Several exploratory studies have begun to look at the role of cognition on sport performance. An enriched understanding of the mental aspects of sport is emerging. Recently a team composed of researchers and a coach has attempted a closer understanding of the cognitive processes involved in the development of young athletes to their performance…