The opinions of gifted female students at an academically challenging southern high school concerning how women, especially southern women, are portrayed on television were solicited. The girls were guided in examining assumptions, identifying role models, and rejecting the stereotype of the southern woman. (DB)

Examines the biases that exist in American juvenile literature (K-10) dealing with Arabs to determine whether there is a negative bias in the portrayal of Palestinian Arabs. Bias is summarized under three main types: characterization and stereotyping; language and terminology; and cultural authenticity. (GLR)

Examines differences in marital role attitudes and expected behavior among unmarried college students in mainland China (n=288) and Taiwan (n=339) by comparing survey responses on four dimensions of marital role attitudes and six areas of traditional husband and wife role behaviors. Hypotheses were generally supported with some exceptions.…

Examines a passage describing an encounter between the missionary, Saint Constantine-Cyril, and a pagan in the land of the Khazars. The main focus of the saint's discourse emphasized that without inventing the Slavic alphabet, he would have had no hope of success as a missionary. (24 references) (CK)

Used data from community-based sample of African Americans to investigate association between gender and depressive symptoms among 148 older African Americans. Found no gender difference in overall level of depressive symptomatology. Findings suggest that lack of gender difference was attributable to similarities in risk factors related to…

Examined maternal employment decisions after birth of first child. Findings from 164 new mothers revealed that occupational status, family income, role commitment, division of labor, and job stress distinguished mothers who returned to employment and those who stayed home throughout first year. Financial need was most important reason for…

The traditional trustee-superintendent relationship is based on trustees' lack of direct access to knowledge and both parties' expectation that the paid expert (the superintendent) should do the work. This article calls for a drastically revised board-superintendent relationship and outlines new ways to recruit board members and move current…

Summarizes a case study revealing divergent judgments of a teacher career ladder in two junior high schools. Educators in the two sites strongly disagreed over how "reformed" tasks and responsibilities influenced instruction and student learning. A deductive case analysis disclosed individual/group dynamics embedded in group role perceptions.…

Political and economic realities in changing South Africa brought about restructuring of the nation's Department of Education and Culture. Using semistructured interviews with principals, this study attempted to determine how principals in one state-aided school perceived changes regarding their roles and tasks, staff structure, and internal…

Reviews current writing center debates about the peer tutor's role and authority. Presents three case studies investigating the ways in which first-time tutors and their clients enact role and authority in their tutorial relationships. (RS)

Inspired by observation of a teacher-designed management studies program at an Irish secondary school, this paper demonstrates that whole school improvement is possible only after staff have acquired proficiency in the disciplines required of learning organizations. Free of externally imposed syllabi, teachers were forced to rethink, relearn, and…

Investigated the understanding of gender stability on the part of Argentinean children aged three to nine years. Children were asked to explain effects of time, psychological trait, situation, and physical attribute transformations on their own gender and the gender of another child of same sex and one of opposite sex. Judgments of gender…

Research findings strongly contradict the assumption of high administrator stress. In reality, most administrators, including principals and superintendents, view their work situations as normal and manageable. Administrators who persist the longest are found in central office roles, where the pace is not so frenetic. The chief stressor is…

To implement school restructuring, midcareer administrators must change their role conceptions. This article examines literature concerning the major issues of socialization to a role conception (including definitions, sources, and socialization mechanisms for changing role conceptions) and presents a research agenda focused on two reform…

It is vital to young adolescents' well-being that immediate attention be given to recognizing the psychosocial importance of counselors and counseling services; reclaiming at-risk youngsters through vigilant, effective counseling services; redefining counselor roles to meet young adolescents' needs; and rededicating counselors to serving students.…