Purpose: This study measures the experience of spontaneous speech in everyday speaking situations. Spontaneity of speech is a novel concept developed to account for the subjective experience of speaking. Spontaneous speech is characterized by little premeditation and effortless production, and it is enjoyable and meaningful. Attention is not…

Purpose: A common way of eliciting speech from individuals is by using passages of written language that are intended to be read aloud. Read passages afford the opportunity for increased control over the phonetic properties of elicited speech, of which phonetic balance is an often-noted example. No comprehensive analysis of the phonetic balance of…

In recognition of the capability of text-mining models to quantify aspects of language use, some creativity researchers have adopted text-mining models as a mechanism to objectively and efficiently score the Originality of open-ended responses to verbal divergent thinking tasks. With the increasing use of text-mining models in divergent thinking…

The question of how individual features affect the development of design expertise has yet to be thoroughly researched. While some works acknowledged the importance of design abilities and creative ideation for design expertise, there is no theoretical framework that explicates their relationships and supports it empirically. The present research…

Following 20 years of publishing rank and reputation scores for Canada's 49 institutions of higher education, the present analysis tested five hypotheses: (1) rank and reputation should be positively correlated across schools for each year; (2) rank and reputation should be positively correlated across the 20 years for each school; (3) a school's…

A long-standing debate in the field of numerical cognition concerns the degree to which symbolic and non-symbolic processing are related over the course of development. Of particular interest is the possibility that this link depends on the range of quantities in question. Behavioral and neuroimaging research with adults suggests that symbolic and…

In this study, we focus on mental speed and divergent thinking, examining their relationship and the influence of task speededness. Participants (N = 109) completed a set of processing speed tasks and a test battery measuring divergent thinking. We used two speeded divergent-thinking tasks of 2 minutes and two unspeeded tasks of 8 minutes to test…

Objective: To investigate directionality of the association between alcohol use and physical activity in a college student sample, longitudinally across three time points. Participants: A total of 396 undergraduate students from a large university in the United States (62% females) participated in this study. Methods: Self-report data of alcohol…

Background: The cross-lagged panel (regression) model (CLPM) is the usual framework of choice to test the longitudinal reciprocal effects between self-concept and achievement. Criticisms of the CLPM are that causal paths are over-estimated as they fail to discriminate between- and within-person variation. The random-intercept cross-lagged panel…

It is widely accepted that associative recognition can be supported by familiarity through integrating more than two stimuli into a unit, but there are still three unsolved questions: (1) how unitization affects recollection-based associative recognition; (2) whether it is necessary to match the level of unitization (LOU) between original and…

Writing and narrative are commonly taken to be two separate fields of research and scholarly reflection. In this paper, I offer some thoughts on how they are related, using David Olson's work on literacy and the development of metalinguistic awareness as a frame of reasoning. As Olson has shown, language is not only a form and practice of…

Despite several advantages of online education, lack of effective student-instructor interaction, especially when students need timely help, poses significant pedagogical challenges. Motivated by this, we address the problems of automatically identifying posts that express confusion or urgency from Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) forums. To this…

Grieving the deaths of immediate and extended family members as well as friends is a common experience among traditional-age college students. The overarching purpose of this study was to provide a more nuanced understanding of how various family grief communication factors (i.e., frequency, quality, willingness to communicate--personal/perceived…

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between principal leadership responsibilities and collective teacher efficacy based on teacher perception. The review of literature identified that both the 21 Balanced Leadership Framework principal responsibilities, developed by Waters, Marzano, and McNulty (2003), and collective teacher…

Recent studies have found correlations between sentence-level tests and reading comprehension. However, the task demands of sentence-level tests are not well understood. The present study investigated syntactic knowledge as a construct by examining the convergent and discriminant validity of two sentence-level tasks, sentence comprehension and…