When children with Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD) with and without hyperactivity (total n=28) were compared for behavior, results differentiate the two ADD subtypes into a more externalizing dimension (ADD-hyperactivity with and without conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder) at school or home and a more internalizing disorder (ADD…

This study investigated whether specific academic deficits were associated with attention-deficit disorder subtypes (with or without hyperactivity) with 40 elementary students. Results support the hypothesis that inattention exerts a specific and deleterious effect on the acquisition of arithmetic-computation skills. Implications for ADHD…

The factor structure of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV) criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is evaluated in a sample of 1,503 college students. The Adult Behavior Checklist is evaluated as a screening instrument. Results support the extension of ADHD criteria for diagnosis to college…

This literature review of family factors associated with externalizing behavior disorders such as hyperactivity and aggression in preschoolers found that: (1) preschoolers with externalizing disorders had families who were more likely than comparison families to have at least one type of negative characteristic; and (2) family characteristics were…

This study compared executive functions in children with autism (N=40), Tourette syndrome (N=30), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (N=24), or controls (N=29). Groups differed in patterns of performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, a measure of flexibility, the Tower of Hanoi, a measure of planning capacity, and the Stroop, a test of…

A study examined the relation between communication development and aberrant behavior in 13 preschool children with developmental disabilities. There was a strong inverse relation between communication ability and severity of aberrant behavior. Deficits in receptive language were more strongly associated with severe aberrant behavior, particularly…

Presents research findings regarding the relationship of social skills deficits and behavioral characteristics associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among kindergarten-age children. Children with ADHD characteristics (N=95) were rated as having significantly poorer social skills than children without ADHD characteristics…

Suggests that the increase of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) cases in America and Canada may be due in part to decreased levels of children's physical activity. Research has shown that exercise helps to lessen the symptoms of AD/HD. Claims that the use of regular exercise programs in school and at home is beneficial for AD/HD…

Examines the relationship between parenting similarity and comorbid internalizing and disruptive behavior problems among 70 children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. General child rearing similarity and discipline similarity were found to be associated with fewer disruptive behavior problems but not related to internalizing problems.…

In the present study, a group of children with ADHD performed significantly below prediction in reading, writing, and mathematics skills and demonstrated a greater discrepancy between actual and predicted achievement than did a group of non-ADHD children. Results indicate that the more severe the behavioral symptomatology of children with ADHD is,…

This study, with 17 young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 62 without ADHD, found no significant correlations between full scale IQ and scores on the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). However, analysis of variance revealed that subjects with ADHD made more errors of omission on the TOVA than did controls.…

Investigates the use of self-management in a general education classroom to decrease the disruptive behavior of three elementary school students with ADHD or ODD. Results indicate that self-management intervention leads to decreases in disruptive behavior. The data add to existing literature that suggest self-management as an alternative to…

Investigates the relationship between problem behaviors and social skill deficits in a predominantly African American sample of preschool children. Children were evaluated by their teachers using the Conners' Teacher Rating Scales-28, the ADHD Rating Scale, and the Social Skills Rating System. Implications of results regarding children at risk for…

This article suggests ways educators can physically alter a general education classroom to support the strengths of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and not exacerbate their problems. Characteristics, general strategies, and structural responses are provided for four common difficulties: (1) hyperactivity, (2)…

Objective: Methylphenidate has four optical isomers due to two asymmetries (erythro-threo and dextro-levo). The initial commercial formulation eliminated the erythro isomer, but the dextro-levo asymmetry was racemic, with equal amounts of d and l-threo isomers (d,l-MPH). Previous work has suggested that the d-threo isomer methylphenidate (d-MPH)…