RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING SUPPORTS THE BELIEF THAT LANGUAGE STUDY SHOULD BEGIN AS EARLY AS KINDERGARTEN OR THE FIRST GRADE. EARLY TRAINING IN LANGUAGE STUDY CAN ENHANCE AND REINFORCE THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED IN AREAS SUCH AS SCIENCE, SOCIAL STUDIES, OR READING. THEREFORE, WITH THE SPANISH-SPEAKING PEOPLE, IT IS LOGICAL TO TEACH…

This report is a continuation of a research project, begun by B. Spolsky and E. Migliazza in the English as a Foreign Language Program at Indiana University, designed to show that foreign students whose overall integrative motivation is high (+IM) have achieved a higher standard of English proficiency than those whose integrative motivation is low…

One of several informative brochures being prepared to inform professional educators of the research and development activities of the Department of Curriculum of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, this booklet discusses the nature of the Modern Language Center and gives details of its scope, activities, and plans for developing…

A questionnaire for students discontinuing their foreign language study is presented along with suggestions for its administration and use as a diagnostic tool for administrators. The brief form covers such factors as--(1) reasons for dropping the language, (2) availability of advanced courses, (3) notions of fluency, (4) student objectives, (5)…

LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM LANGUAGE LEARNING, IS CONSIDERED IN THIS ARTICLE TO BE A NEW DISCIPLINE WHOSE OBJECTIVES ARE COMPETENCE IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE, CULTURAL AWARENESS, AND LITERARY ACQUAINTANCE. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THIS DISCIPLINE IN TERMS OF A PROFESSIONAL GRADUATE PROGRAM FOR LANGUAGE INSTRUCTORS IS DISCUSSED. THE…

THE PROCESSES OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMING OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARE EXAMINED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING, WHICH IS THE BASIS OF PROGRAMING TECHNIQUES. DISCUSSION OF FORMAL REPERTOIRES COVERS THE USE OF SUCH CONDITIONING METHODS AS DISCRIMINATION LEARNING AND TRANSFER, STIMULUS GENERALIZATION, RESPONSE GENERALIZATION, AND…

This is the first in a series of articles on general phonetic characteristics of American English. Language research techniques of spectrographic analysis, spectrographic synthesis, articulatory motion-picture study, and statistical calculation are briefly described. Thirty-five areas of phonetic difference for comparison of English to Spanish,…

To assist FLES teachers, language teaching techniques are described and illustrated with sample materials in Spanish and French. These materials usually illustrate techniques for the middle and upper elementary school grades, and would also be pertinent for other languages. There are sections on listening comprehension, pronunciation, dialogs,…

Cross-cultural training for teachers of English to Navajo children is necessary because many concepts are not shared by both English and Navajo cultures. In addition, phonological, grammatical, and structural features constitute areas of wide divergence between the two languages. Similar letters and combinations of letters vary in placement and…

Discussed in this article is the question of teaching Old Saxon in German departments. Usually, Old High German, Middle High German, and Gothic are taught in German departments where philology is included. Only in the large universities and colleges will one find a course in Old Saxon and Old Norsk. Greater emphasis on teaching Old Saxon is…

Individual assessment of students of English as a second language is advocated. Based on a model used by Pearson, four language assessment areas are outlined: the semantic base in a first language, the syntax of the first language, the lexical items "shared" by the two languages, and the number and complexity of the phonemic elements in…

Error analysis is considered both a part of the methodology for the psycholinguistic investigation of the second language acquisition process as well as a part of the teaching-learning methods and materials re-evaluation process. The language acquisition process is a dynamic process governed by the principles of hypothesis formulation, testing and…

This annotated bibliography of works published between 1960 and 1978 is organized in two sections. The first includes material concerning cultural, social, and educational perspectives on immigrant needs. The second contains material divided into four areas: (1) surveys and assessments of needs and problems, (2) responses and provisions in…

As a group, the uncommonly taught languages have benefited greatly from government funds and activities that support their instruction. Although in absolute terms their enrollments are low, many of these languages have been gaining students in recent years. Instruction in the uncommonly taught languages accounts for more than half of the student…

This annotated bibliography on the teaching of modern foreign languages is the product of a West German information dissemination system that is similar to ERIC. The bibliography is published quarterly and lists items compiled in conjunction with the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics as well as with a number of institutions all over…