Notwithstanding the importance and relevance of gamification as a topical methodology in education, and after a literature review, there are just a few studies using role-playing games. In order to motivate and facilitate English as second language (ESL) learning of first year of Bachillerato (year 12) students at a public high school in the…

This study investigates cultural standards in the context of foreign language teaching from the perspective of two countries: Turkey and Russia. It compared both countries in terms of how they treat culture in foreign language education. The purpose was to identify commonalities and differences in cultural standards between the two countries.…

Both positive and negative emotions have been the focus of a wealth of language learning research in recent years. This can mostly be attributed to the established links between an individual's psychological responses, existing and emerging from learning, the learning processes they engage in, and the outcomes they achieve. A look at advanced…

Action research has been advanced as one way that second language (L2) teachers might raise their awareness of the complexities of their work. Yet, while the publication of action research into L2 learning and teaching has gained some traction in recent years, reports naturally tend to focus on research outcomes. In the current article, I argue…

Recent studies on English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) classroom interaction have begun to look at the role of translanguaging as a pedagogical practice in supporting participants to exploit multilingual and multimodal resources to facilitate content teaching and learning. The present study contributes to this growing body of literature by focusing on…

This study investigates the validity of syntactic priming as a measure of implicit language aptitude. Syntactic priming refers to the tendency to reproduce a linguistic structure due to a previous exposure to the structure. The validity of the construct was verified by collating evidence for divergent validity--whether it is dissociable from…

For students of English for Academic Purposes (EAP), reading articles in their field of study in English is particularly challenging. One of their main difficulties is understanding unfamiliar words. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of online monolingual and bilingual dictionary tools on reading comprehension in English and…

Motivation is one of the key factors that affect L2 learners' success and performance in the language learning process; that is why, widely concerns teachers and researchers. Amidst a global health crisis that urged most English preparatory schools across Turkey to carry out their English as a Foreign Language (EFL) lessons online, the question of…

This study addresses whether there is anything special about learning a third language, as compared to learning a second language, that results solely from the order of acquisition. We use a computational model based on the mathematical framework of Linear Discriminative Learning to explore this question for the acquisition of a small trilingual…

Engaging in discussions of texts featuring diverse expressions of bilingualism is important at the elementary level to move away from historical conceptions of bilingualism focused on language proficiency and instead embrace a translanguaging view focused on linguistic practices. To successfully engage in these conversations, understanding…

While teacher-student relationships are of central importance for students' motivation, they remain under-investigated. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach and focusing on the 'relationality' of teacher-student relationships, this study examines the identity-work that takes place when a teacher makes visible an aspect of identity not normally…

This study explores how college writers responded to teachers' after-class tutoring that was intended to complement their in-class writing instruction. Through qualitative content analyses of three focal college student writers' interviews, reflections, writings, and teacher-student talks collected in a Chinese university, the study shows that…

In the last two decades, several studies have reported on the benefits of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on students' affective and cognitive gains. These studies, however, have mainly concentrated on the implementation of CLIL within the formal (school) context, with very little research on its impact in non-formal…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of students to improve their ability in writing essays in English. One hundred and three students were surveyed after three months after starting classes on fall semester of 2020. A qualitative research approach based on Grounded Theory was used throughout the research process. The data…

The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test is a new English language proficiency test in the "TOEFL"® family of assessments. It measures foundational language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. The test covers the four language skills of reading, listening, writing, and speaking and is intended…