Ramsay and Wiberg used a new version of item response theory that represents test performance over nonnegative closed intervals such as [0, 100] or [0, n] and demonstrated that optimal scoring of binary test data yielded substantial improvements in point-wise root-mean-squared error and bias over number right or sum scoring. We extend these…

To examine the effects of task repetition with different schedules, English-as-a-foreign-language classroom learners performed the same oral narrative task six times under three different schedules. They narrated the same six-frame cartoon story (a) six times consecutively in one class (massed practice), (b) three times at the beginning and at the…

Network meta-analysis has played an important role in evidence-based medicine for assessing the comparative effectiveness of multiple available treatments. The prediction interval has been one of the standard outputs in recent network meta-analysis as an effective measure that enables simultaneous assessment of uncertainties in treatment effects…

We investigated whether continuously alternating between topics during practice, or interleaved practice, improves memory and the ability to solve problems in undergraduate physics. Over 8 weeks, students in two lecture sections of a university-level introductory physics course completed thrice-weekly homework assignments, each containing problems…

Missing data are exceedingly common across a variety of disciplines, such as educational, social, and behavioral science areas. Missing not at random (MNAR) mechanism where missingness is related to unobserved data is widespread in real data and has detrimental consequence. However, the existing MNAR-based methods have potential problems such as…

Previous findings on the preconditions of teachers' collaboration are inconsistent. This might be related to the research methods used to assess the teachers' collaborative practice. Retrospective assessments by self-report on a relatively general level prevail. The validity of these self-reports is limited, however. In contrast, time-sampling…

Researchers, who have studied the understanding of the density property in the set of decimal numbers, have shown that the student uses the property of the discrete of natural numbers to solve tasks related to density. So, a restructuring of concepts is necessary, that is, a conceptual change from "the discrete" to "the dense".…

A procedure that can be used to evaluate the variance inflation factors and tolerance indices in linear regression models is discussed. The method permits both point and interval estimation of these factors and indices associated with explanatory variables considered for inclusion in a regression model. The approach makes use of popular latent…

The present study evaluates the updating of long-term memory for duration. After learning a temporal discrimination associating one lever with a standard duration (4 sec) and another lever with both a shorter (1-sec) and a longer (16-sec) duration, rats underwent a single session for learning a new standard duration. The temporal generalization…

The practice assignments in a mathematics textbook or course can be arranged so that most of the problems relating to any particular concept are massed together in a single assignment, or these related problems can be distributed across many assignments--a format known as spaced practice. Here we report the results of two classroom experiments…

The practice assignments in a mathematics textbook or course can be arranged so that most of the problems relating to any particular concept are massed together in a single assignment, or these related problems can be distributed across many assignments -- a format known as spaced practice. Here we report the results of two classroom experiments…

When playing card games, how many times should a deck be shuffled in order to achieve randomness? This article shows how card shuffling can be used as a classroom exercise to reinforce construction and interpretation of confidence intervals.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of age on phoneme recognition performance in which the stimuli varied in the amount of temporal information available in the signal. Chronological age is increasingly recognized as a factor that can limit the amount of benefit an individual can receive from a cochlear implant (CI).…

We examined the math facts fluency growth of students receiving explicit timing practice in either a massed, short-distributed, or long-distributed fashion. In a repeated measures group design, 43 Midwestern third-grade students completed four 1-min math probes each day for 20 days. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that students who received…

The purpose of this research was to compare the performances of the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effects Model (REM) in the meta-analysis studies conducted through 5, 10, 20 and 40 studies with an outlier and 4, 9, 19 and 39 studies without an outlier in terms of estimated common effect size, confidence interval coverage rate and…