Investigates the relationship between the perinatal hormonal environment and the development of cognitive sex differences. Compares 25 upper class women aged 14 to 24 who were exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and their unexposed sisters. Subjects show a more masculine pattern of lateralization than their sisters but are similar in…

Two intensive 11-week moral education programs improved the moral reasoning abilities of medium-security prison inmates. One program was based on the cognitive disequilibrium induction techniques of the Kohlberg orientation, the second on the adequacy of the moral reasoning competencies approach advocated by the Association for Values Education…

Expands on study by Brown and Hanlon which showed that parents seemed more attuned to semantic value of their child's speech rather than grammatical form. However, this more recent study suggests that language learning environment presents subtle cues, distinguishing between well-formed and ill-formed sentences, evidenced by mothers' inclinations…

Investigates expression of part-whole semantic relation by children 3 to 12 years old and indicates that older children prefer its use significantly more often. The part-whole semantic relation was also observed to take several linguistic forms, such as partitive, spatial, and possessive. Age, experimental task format, or type of experimental…

A study tested the hypothesis that manual encoding aids learning in the prelingually deaf. Twenty-four adults who used fingerspelling as their primary means of communication participated in two groups of a paired-associate learning paradigm, using eight study-test trial sequences. Those using fingerspelling showed more recall and a faster learning…

Suggested are a few topics or techniques which should not be presented in planetarium astronomy until appropriate levels of potential comprehension are reached. (EB)

A group of young and elderly females were tested on a paired-associate task. The results indicated that older individuals made more intrusion errors on the CVCs high in AV on the Glaze norms but low on the Archer norms. (Author)

The question of how children represent and use comparative or partially ordered information is examined. Two experiments tested a conjecture that a common representation, a linear order, underlies the processing of all comparatives. (Author/MS)

In a reviewed series of spontaneous and learning-set studies of adults and children, adults solved problems even if they attended to four dimensions; young children failed when attending so broadly, but solved when attending to a single dimension. (Author/HS)

An emphasis on testing and external evaluation is likely to have a debilitating effect on both student motivation and the probability of continued interest; it should be substituted by capitilizing on pupils' natural physical and mental activity. (MB)

Aim of this study was to obtain direct observations of attachment and exploration behaviors exhibited in a strange situation by children with Down's syndrome and a control group of normal children. (JH)

Two studies compare cognitive maps generated by first and fifth graders and college students. One study utilized a triangulation task, the other two used imagined situations. A practical methodology for such studies is introduced and a way of conceptualizing cognitive map development is suggested. (MS)

Describes special factors and procedures which are utilized in an introductory physical science course for nonscience majors. It is designed to enable students who are at a concrete or transitional stage to attain the formal operational level of development. (Author/SL)

Two tasks were used to assess the capacities of 6- to 14-year-old children to interpret metaphoric statements. Results suggest certain cognitive prerequisites of mature metaphoric comprehension and help to clarify the ontogenetic relations among the abilities to produce, comprehend, and explicate the rationale of metaphoric language. (Author/SB)

Examines the goals, formats, and effectiveness of current educational programming and provides insight into some important questions, such as: What are the alternative instructional messages of television programming? How are they best communicated? (Author/IRT)