Green development is an effective mode of economic growth and social development aiming at efficiency, harmony, and sustainability, which has become an important trend. The development of green industry is taken by many countries as an important measure to promote economic restructuring and highlighting environmental awareness. The green chemistry literacy is the inner driving force of developing green industry, which is studied as a focus in this paper. At the same time, the public literacy of ideological and political consciousness (PLOIPC) is closely related to green chemistry literacy. Therefore, the coupling analysis between green chemistry literacy and PLOIPC is presented. In the detail, three-level index evaluation tree models of green chemistry literacy and PLOIPC are set up. Then, the mathematical model is built with the index system of PLOIPC and green chemistry literacy based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The criteria standard value is given to get the weighting coefficient. Next, the scoring matrix of every level index system for green chemistry literacy and PLOIPC are built. With above calculate results, three-dimensional matrix models of every level index system for green chemistry literacy and PLOIPC are given. The simulation results show that all of the consistency values are less than 0.1. Every level index has good coherence to the judgment matrix. Based on the above analysis results, the instance analysis is presented. The results show the consistency of change law curve of green chemistry literacy and PLOIPC. This study is intended to have important theoretical and practical significance for exploring students' environmental protection and scientific literacy under ideological and political education.