The Franck-Condon Principle (FCP), the key concept for describing vibronic spectra, results from the large disparity between the time scales of electrons and nuclei in molecules. Yet in an undergraduate lecture, the FCP is nearly always rationalized from a time independent quantum mechanical viewpoint, due to students' lack of knowledge of time…

In organismic biology, the formation of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses on the basis of observable morphologies is a central element of research, and by extension of teaching and learning. Often it is necessary to take account of complex combinations of factors, some of which may be far from obvious. In the work described here, hypothesis…

Thermal science is a perennial obstacle for learners. Infrared camera technology provides an opportunity for pupils to confront challenging thermal ideas. From an embodied cognition perspective, sensory experiences form metaphoric relations that underpin conceptualisation and reasoning about abstract scientific phenomena. This study investigated…

In this paper, we applied a number of clustering algorithms on pretest data collected from 264 high-school students. Students took the pre-test at the beginning of a 5-week experiment in which they interacted with an intelligent tutoring system. The primary goal of this work is to identify clusters of students exhibiting similar knowledge…

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of formative assessment based learning on students' conceptual understanding levels regarding basic astronomical concepts. The study was conducted in a public primary school with 24 5th graders. The study group was applied a 3 phased teaching process based on formative assessment for the duration of…

Learning in the sciences is difficult for students from elementary school to university due to misconceptions, or incorrect prior knowledge, interfering with the acquisition of new knowledge. The process of replacing previously incorrect ideas with new and accurate ones is referred to as conceptual change. Which factors and to what extent they…

This dissertation sheds light on conceptual change dynamics in a knowledge-building classroom to better understand the complex ways students' reasoning and ideas shift in conversation with other members in the classroom. Specifically, this dissertation attempts to characterize the contextual considerations that result in students converging to…

This study employed regular classroom tests as an intervention to help students learn and understand the concepts periodicity and chemical bonds in chemistry. The participants of the study were thirty four second year science students at Swedru Senior High School in the Central Region of Ghana. These students were taught for eight weeks and at the…

The purpose of this study is to measure the development of students' conceptual understanding of basic physics concepts at introductory physics courses at the University of Latvia. The authors of the research have translated, tested and verified the Force Concept Inventory and other Concept Inventories in the context of Latvian education system.…

The research is focused on the use of experimental calcium cycle in chemistry teaching at the lower secondary school. The cycle is based on four reactions: (1) thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate; (2) reaction of calcium oxide with water; (3) calcium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid; and (4) reaction of calcium chloride with sodium…

Redox reaction is an important concept in chemistry, and a well-organized knowledge structure of redox reaction is beneficial for concept learning. This study investigated the knowledge structure regarding redox reaction from 459 Grade 10 students. The pool of 15 redox reaction concepts was developed by content analysis, questionnaire survey, and…

This study aims to determine the changes in the cognitive structures of the 35 participants after ecology-based nature education in Bursa Uludag and its vicinity. This study used a single group pretest-posttest experimental mode where the data was collected by a word association test. It included the key concepts of nature, national parks,…

Previous research only focuses on the difficulties and factors causing learning difficulties without any solution. This study aimed to identify learning difficulties, factors, and alternative solutions overcoming the problems of learning difficulties about viruses and bacteria. Data collection was carried out through the provision of a concept…

This study analyzed cognitive representations of knowledge from the chemistry of matter unit in a ninth-grade science textbook--the only authorized textbook in Saudi Arabia. It examined textual and visual information from two lessons in order to identify the textbook's introduction of concepts, linguistic context, integration of concepts, and the…

Understanding of evolution is foundational to be a scientifically literate citizen because it allows analysis of socioscientific issues, such as biodiversity conservation, biotechnology applications, and human-induced climate change. Unfortunately, students who weakly understand evolution fail to understand its importance in everyday life and…