The study was designed to test the following three rival hypotheses concerning the discrepancy between high Negro aspiration and low Negro achievement: (1) Negroes may have lower academic aptitude; (2) Negroes may be less motivated; and, (3) Negro aspirations may not be genuine, but simply a way of winning the approval of the researcher. The…

This report describes the results of the first year of a five-year study whose overall aims are twofold: (1) to discover classroom strategies that can improve students' achievement, their self concept, and their belief in their own ability to control the type of reinforcement they receive in school; and (2) to develop procedures for training…

In this study of Benson, Minnesota, Professors Martindale and Hanson examine the sources and manifestations of local-translocal tensions in the institutional life of a typical small town. The authors begin by describing the town's physical and cultural setting, and briefly sketch the community's history. Their examination of the attitudes and…

Investigated psychological adjustment and satisfaction in women who had given birth vaginally or by cesarean section. Cesarean mothers reported significantly less satisfaction with the delivery than did vaginal mothers; however no differences were found in postpartum psychological adjustment as measured by depression, anxiety, and confidence in…

Examines the consequences of powerful and powerless speech styles in a hypothetical job interview by investigating the effects of seven linguistic features. Found, for example, that hesitations and tags were judged relatively powerless, ineffective, and unlikely to fulfill the communicator's intentions while polite linguistic forms and…

This paper discusses the genius of the principle of normalization in the development of better services for socially devalued people. It argues that the definition of normalization sets a direction for learning-through-action which is clear and convincing, as well as indefinite and conditional, and rests on a deep appreciation of the everyday…

More information has led to an ever-increasing sense that things are out of control. A recognition that inability to control is not necessarily a sign of weakness or incompetence could help nourish the emergence of more humane and worthy modes of personal behavior and public regulation. (Author/RM)

The concept of power evokes controversy in relation to the American social mind. Americans both want and fear power. Power is a fundamental concept in social science, and, while involving the features of organizational hierarchy and social relations, the forms of power are conceived as force, fiction, fealty, and ethics. (JN)

Follows 26 at-risk girls for a three-year period, pursuing the research that many girls find their voice muted in adolescence. Explores the dynamics of girls' resilience and resistance (some are "loud" in protest, others adopt a strategy of silence). Emphasizes the role of relationships in girls' lives. (LSR)

Discusses a college course that employs the basic principles of constructivist education and promotes active learning through social interaction and personal reflection. The course assists students in developing a greater degree of autonomy that will help them in their personal and professional lives. (SM)

Examines combinations of the following variables and their influence on student attitudes and intentions toward affective and behavioral learning: (1) teacher sex; (2) teacher sex-role orientation; and (3) teacher use of power strategies. (SR)

At quarterly intervals in 1986-87, attribution of control and subjective symptom ratings were assessed among general psychiatry residents in the University of Cincinnati's training program. Differences were significant for ratings of internal locus of control, but the external locus of control ratings showed no corresponding fluctuation.…

This article discusses how the "Piirto Pyramid" of talent development was used with gifted elementary students and students with disabilities in an inclusionary classroom to motivate students to work harder. Students clipped and posted articles from newspapers and magazines that typified an aspect of the pyramid. (Contains three references.) (CR)

Interviewed 311 four- to 9-year-olds of various cultures to explore how they perceived and experienced activities, roles, responsibilities, and relationships with peers and teachers in school. Found that school created conflict in terms of competing demands of pleasing teachers versus pleasing oneself. Liking school was associated with enjoying…

This article discusses how critical literacy can offer gifted students a way to research great leaders and their actions in times of crisis, enabling them to project the type of leadership that is called for in today's world. Reading activities, writing activities, and oral language activities are described. (Contains 1 reference.) (CR)