Investigates intellectual differences among high-fit young and old and low-fit young and old adult men before and after an exercise program. It is not clear from this study whether improvement in cognitive functioning with exercise is due to physiological or psychological changes or both. (Author/CC)

Prior studies found individual differences in visual recognition memory during infancy were related to individual differences in later intelligence. This paper discusses methodological issues in the measurement of infant visual recognition, the significance of previously obtained predictive validity coefficients, and the theoretical question of…

Data obtained from previously published reports of factor analyses concerning aptitudes were re-analyzed using Guilford's structure of intellect model as a theoretical basis for the re-analysis. Results provide support for the model and for its oblique nature. (Author/JKS)

The WISC-R was investigated by using measures of profile (multivariate) reliability to determine its most reliable dimensions and the precision and similarity of the multivariate structure across age groups. The structure of the WISC-R subscales was stable across age groups. Two strategies for the interpretation of WISC-R profiles are offered.…

Suggests an alternate, and optimistic, interpretation of developmental data that has been interpreted as indicating cumulative deficit in IQ among socioeconomically deprived Black children. (Author/SS)

The confluence model for explaining the influence of birth order on intelligence was applied to a sample of 56 Black and 52 White students. The confluence model and parental occupation were deemed insufficient in accounting for racial differences in intelligence scores. (Author/JKS)

Six points of view regarding the future of intelligence testing are considered, and a "prototypical" point of view is presented. The past history and present status of intelligence testing and research are considered. Their future is discussed in terms of assessment of various kinds of components of intelligence. (Author/RD)

One hundred eighty-eight randomly selected case studies of adjudicated adolescents were analyzed to determine their intellectual levels and the scholastic achievement levels in reading and arithmetic. (CL)

Tested 103 schoolchildren to investigate the hypothesis that the brightest students tend to have last names toward the beginning of the alphabet. Significant relationships between alphabetical position of surnames and intelligence were found, but the relationships existed only for third graders and were gone by the fifth grade. (DS)

Forty college students were administered a self-rating scale for intelligence along with several actual ability measures, including the Concept Mastery Test and "breadth" and "depth" indices based on the Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale Similarities subtest. (MS)

Home economics is often denigrated for requiring little intellect. There is a strong cultural bias that undervalues sewing and relegates it to "handedness" instead of the loftier "headedness." According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the two do not stand in opposition. Handiwork is a spatial intellectual…

Recent decades have seen major changes in measurements of cognitive ability and interpretation of results. Theory describing the factorial structure of cognitive ability has blossomed. Advances in psychometric and statistical tools available to test developers have facilitated application of better theory to new assessment instruments.(SM)

A psychotherapist recounts her personal and professional development in concepts of self-esteem. The article considers core conditions for development of healthy self-esteem, the powerful effects wrought by teachers who create healthy emotional environments, emotional intelligence and emotional literacy, current initiatives to develop emotional…

Administered achievement and intelligence tests to prelingually deaf public school children (N=48). Results indicated achievement scores were one standard deviation or more below the normative mean, whereas the mean performance on the intelligence quotient measures demonstrated average intellectual abilities. (Author/ABL)

The Harvard Project Zero research group has been examining the curriculum content issue through the lens of the multiple intelligences (MI) theory, which emphasizes humans' highly varied capacities. This article describes the MI theory, some related research projects, and the theory's implications for elementary and secondary education. Includes…