This document reviews evidence on the effects of early childhood intervention programs. A brief discussion of the issues surrounding the support and funding of compensatory education is presented and 10 preschool intervention programs (involving more than 2,000 children in various experimental and control groups) in which evaluation data were…

It is often the case that intelligence tests do not measure what they purport to measure, although it is commonly assumed that every test with a different name is a test of different skills, and that tests with the same name test the same skills. Spearman attempted to study the relationship between tests that supposedly measured different mental…

This is a talk by child psychologist and therapist Lois Barclay Murphy, given at City College, New York, in 1980. The address reviews Ms. Murphy's contributions to child psychology and her study of children's coping strategies. The speech briefly outlines other developments in psychological and sociological study since the 1930s, including the use…

Much research shows that the correlation between IQ and school performance is consistently high. However, some evidence indicates that this relationship is not consistent but is moderated by classroom psycho-social environment at the first-grade level. Data from IQ tests, the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale, number of attendance…

Stochastic difference equations of the Box-Jenkins form provide an adequate family of models on which to base the stochastic theory of human growth processes, but conventional time series identification methods do not apply to available data sets. A method to identify structure and parameters of stochastic difference equation models of human…

Two introductory passages, one regular passage, and one experimental advance organizer passage developed to facilitate initial learning were assigned to normal and retarded children. The subjects were 184 normal 8-year-olds (controls' mean IQ 118.00, organizers' 118.80) and 184 educable mentally retarded 15-year-olds (EMR controls' mean IQ 74.85,…

The purpose of the study was to compare the performances of black and white urban high school students on a conventional measure of intelligence, the Lorge Thorndike vocabulary test and a culture specific test, the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity. In addition to determining whether or not there were race differences in performance…

Once again intelligence tests are being used as the major basis to establish the genetically determined limitations of minority and economically disadvantaged groups. By reviewing the arguments regarding the I.Q. test and the hereditability of intelligence, the author compares these with two sets of phenomena: the I.Q. test scores and the…

The New Hampshire statewide testing program was implemented to provide a data base for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Title I projects as required by Federal law. To accomplish this objective, achievement and intelligence tests were administered to children in Title I projects and regular programs in four elementary grades--2, 4, 6 and 8.…

In his book, "I.Q. in the Meritocracy," Richard J. Herrnstein (1973) calls on a classic article by Barbara S. Burks (1928) to support his position that a large part of the variation in intelligence can be accounted for by variation in heredity, as distinguished from variation in environment, and from covariation of heredity and…

An investigation is being made of the effects of the interaction between differing socioeconomic backgrounds and two beginning reading programs on the reading achievement of pupils at three ability levels. This report gives the results of data that have been collected for grades 1 and 2 only. Participating were 754 pupils in a small city school…

This paper repudiates Jensen's hypothesis that differences in IQ scores and scholastic achievement in Negro and white children are genetically based. Specifically, Jensen's identification of IQ scores as a measure of abstract reasoning and problem solving and of levels of ability, and his evaluation of the magnitude of the genetic component in IQ…

This collection of papers, concerned with the nature and theory of intelligence, forms part of a project to integrate test and factor theory with the empirical, functional relationships involving standard intelligence tests. The project will render more objective the use of factor analysis in personnel research. A definition of intelligence…

The purpose of this study was to (1) find if spelling approaches could be isolated and classified by the use of the JDR Spelling Checklist (an interview-type questionnaire); (2) determine the incidence of approach--visual, auditory, kinesthetic, or combination--used by students in spelling new words; (3) see if a relationship existed between the…

The major interest of this study is the amount of time children spend reading. Data was gathered unobtrusively by having the 150 5th grade subjects keep time records of all their activities for a 2 week period. These were coded into 7 categories and scores were related to those derived from tests of ability, achievement, self-concept and reading…