OBJECTIVITY IN MENTAL TESTING REQUIRES THAT TEST CALIBRATION BE INDEPENDENT OF WHICH PERSONS ARE USED FOR THE CALIBRATION AND THAT PERSON MEASUREMENT BE INDEPENDENT OF WHICH ITEMS ARE USED FOR THE MEASUREMENT. PRESENT PRACTICE IS NOT OBJECTIVE, BUT COULD BE SO, AS SHOWN BY THE EXAMPLE HERE PRESENTED. DATA COME FROM THE RESPONSES OF 976 LAW…

TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS BY WHICH NORMAL AND MENTALLY RETARDED SUBJECTS SYNTHESIZE STIMULUS CUES IN PERCEPTUAL IDENTIFICATION. THE INITIAL STUDY EMPLOYED 50 COLLEGE STUDENTS, 34 GRADE SCHOOL STUDENTS, AND 24 MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN (AGES 9-16) AS SUBJECTS. THE…

ELEVEN GENERALIZATIONS FROM THE OUTCOMES OF STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTS CARRIED OUT BY THE SZOLD INSTITUTE OVER A PERIOD OF 2 YEARS WERE PRESENTED. THE FIRST NEGATED THE PREMISES OF A LIMITED POOL OF ABILITY AND OF THE STABILITY OF IQ. TABLES DEMONSTRATED THE POSSIBILITY OF RAISING THE IQ OF CULTURALLY DEPRIVED CHILDREN BY AN AVERAGE OF ABOUT 20…

THERE WAS A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT RISE IN THE MEAN IQ SCORE OF CHILDREN WHOSE PARENTS OBTAINED THEIR LIVING BY FARMING IN MAHASKA COUNTY, IOWA, DURING THE TWENTY YEARS PRECEEDING 1961-63. HOWEVER, THIS INCREASE WAS NOT PARALLELED BY THE NONFARM CHILDREN LIVING WITHIN THE SAME RURAL COMMUNITY. SELECTIVE MIGRATION WAS SHOWN TO BE AN ACTIVE…

Problems of middle age are explored by contributors from a variety of backgrounds, academic disciplines, and experiences in this book, which was associated with a BBC television series broadcast in Autumn 1967. The book is divided into sections on the middle aged personality, body (health hazards), mental powers (ability and retraining in…

The approach to problem solving which is presented has two components--closeness and reformulation. The closeness measure is a cognitively-based heuristic function. It incorporates the notion of what cognition notices as the structural difference between two situations. The problem-solver attempts to close the structural gap, and once this is done…

Examined with 7 counselors and 28 mentally retarded clients were relationships among eight independent counselor, client and situational variables and four dependent variables of counselor empathy, respect, genuineness and concreteness, and client self-exploration. The dependent variables were derived from 315 3-minute tape recorded segments of…

In the winter of 1969, the "Harvard Education Review" published an article by Arthur Jensen that suggested that racial and social class IQ differences were primarily due to hereditary factors. From the point of view of the opposition, this report reviews the controversy that ensued, including Jensen's original statements, the critics'…

A summary is presented of psychological research on technical training. Chief emphasis was on developing a methodology for the scientific investigation of intact (national) training situations. Correlational methods in which the final criterion measure is residualized with respect to initial trainee status, were explored in various contexts.…

The first part of this paper briefly describes two studies concerned with cognitive processes in children. One study examined the ability of Kindergarten and First Grade children to apply a simple rule of logical inference in order to solve a two-object discrimination problem. Specifically, the rule was of the form "if A, then not B." A second…

A study was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of several different visual, visual-verbal, and verbal treatments on the recall of factual information. The primary measure of individual differences of subjects involved in the study was that of intelligence quotient (I.Q.). The study attempted to determine whether or not treatments…

Since at least 1897, educational researchers have reported, with great frequency, "no significant differences" with respect to studies investigating the effects on educational outcomes of various treatments, suggesting that many educational variables are relatively impotent. A possible reason for at least many of the no-difference findings may lie…

The relationship between learning ability and intelligence has continually been a focus of theory and research. It is argued in this paper that the inconclusive results of studies relating individual differences variables such as intellectual abilities to learning are due to a too pragmatic, theoretical orientation. Theoretical models explicating…

Contained in the supplement to the final report (EC062716) on intelligence test modifications for speech and motor handicapped children (such as retarded or cerebral palsied) are directions for the modified test, the modified stimuli, and the record booklets used in the research projects. Noted are the nonverbal and multiple choice design of the…

Analysis of the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and Stanford Binet (SB) test age and standard scores of mentally handicapped children of chronological ages 3, 4, 5, and 6 years indicated uniform underestimation of SB by the PPVT at the lower performance levels. Regression equations for determining SB from PPVT were…