In "Frames of Mind," Howard Gardner replaces the standard view of intelligence with the idea that human beings have several distinct intelligences. Using an elaborate set of criteria, including evidence from studies of brain damage, prodigies, developmental patterns, cross-cultural comparisons, and various kinds of tests, Gardner…

The Full Scale Intelligence Quotient on tests such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) provides a single score which describes a person's over-all performance in relation to other people of similar age. However, two people with identical Full Scale scores may have quite different profiles of strengths and weaknesses.…

Post-formal operational thought is characterized by both relativism and dialecticism. To examine age differences across adulthood in relativistic and dialectical thought, and to determine whether formal operations are necessary but not sufficient for these forms of thought, 20 young (mean age, 19.6), 20 middle aged (mean age, 46.2), and 20 older…

The Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT) was administered to 35 original Head-Start children three to four years after initial WPPSI testing. WPPSI Verbal IQ did not correlate significantly with any of the subject areas of the MAT, while Performance IQ correlated only moderately with mathematical components of the MAT (r = .42 - .52). (Author)

The performance and verbal WAIS scores of brain injured patients were compared with that of control subjects. If was found that brain damage tends to impair nonverbal rather than verbal ability. (SE)

Argues that IQ scores can be useful in reading diagnosis, but teachers need to be familiar with the test in order to use it as a tool. (RB)

Mainstreaming may not be the most efficient instructional approach for those mildly retarded persons with limited potential. (CL)

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare and contrast performances on the WPPSI and the WISC to determine the concurrent validity of the two instruments at three age levels among disadvantaged black children. (Author)

Seeks to determine convergent validity values and to compare intelligence estimates for three tests across various levels and ranges of intelligence. Results indicated that the use of the PPUT or DAP for determining intelligence of kindergarten children is unjustified. (Author/PC)

The author of this article believes that human survival depends upon the ability to develop and work with machines of high artificial intelligence. He lists uses of such machines, including terrestrial mining, outer space exploration, and other tasks too dangerous, too expensive, or too boring for human beings. (MA)

Previous research has indicated that women tend to relinquish leadership, or dominance, to men in mixed-sex interactions, even when the woman has a more dominant personality trait or when she is assigned to be the leader. This study was designed to determine effects of perceived intelligence in dominance, particularly if women who thought they…

A major error in cognitive science has been to suppose that the meaning of a representation in the mind is known prior to its production. Representations are inherently perceptual--constructed by a perceptual process and given meaning by subsequent perception of them. The person perceiving the representation determines what it means. This premise…

A study was made of social representations concerning intelligence and its development among groups of parents, parent-teachers, and university students. One of the main functions of social representations is to enable individuals to master and familiarize the unknown and inexplicable and stabilize social identity. What is inexplicable about…

Research has indicated that children learn material evaluated as positive more readily than negatively assessed material. This finding is termed a positive reinforcement value effect. The study extended the research in this area, focusing on the effects of intelligence, self-concept, and age on the affective learning styles of 55 children, (6-11…