Scientists feel that progress in artificial intelligence and the availability of thousands of experimental results make this the right time to build and test theories on how people think and learn, using the computer to model minds. (MSE)

Intelligent technologies represent a new knowledge base for the study of technology. We must define the knowledge that students need to adapt to an intelligent technological environment and to identify the best methods to use to teach students how to apply this knowledge. (JOW)

Defines artifical intelligence, categorizes the components of expert systems and natural language, and discusses the applications and impact on technology education. (SK)

Discusses contextualistic and integrative approaches to the concept of wisdom, and the evolution of the concept from an independent construct of intelligence to a component of intelligence, i.e., practical intelligence. Suggests operationalization of wisdom as the ability to integrate cognition and affect. Illustrates the integrative approach with…

Ecocultural bias in the Preschool Intelligence Test and the Adult Verbal Aptitude Test was studied. Test results with 177 five- and six-year-olds and 168 mothers in neighborhoods with similar lifestyles and economies in the Philippines show need to screen items for bias. Tests of crystallized abilities had greatest potential for bias. Culturally…

A study of 33 children demonstrated that original thinking, the ability to generate unusual ideas, is relatively stable between ages 4 and 7 or 8. Original thinking was shown to be distinct from intelligence. An earlier study was replicated that found an order effect with popular responses occurring early and original responses later. (Author/VW)

Discusses intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), one application of artificial intelligence to computers used in education. Basic designs of ITSs are described; examples are given including PROUST, GREATERP, and the use of simulation with ITSs; protocol analysis is discussed; and 38 prototype ITSs are listed. (LRW)

Reasons for 107 job separations of competitively employed mentally retarded persons were analyzed. Employee-related reasons (e.g. attitude problems, skill or behavioral deficits) were responsible for 50% of separations with reasons outside of employee control responsible for the rest. Employee-related reasons were more probable for higher I.Q.…

Intercorrelations of 10 successive years of measurement of height and intelligence are presented for separate samples of girls and boys from the Harvard Growth Study. Findings did not differ appreciably by sex, but significant differences between the sexes in the cross-correlations were found. (Author/RH)

The centrality of intellectual abilities is discussed in terms of two evaluative criteria, given the combined acronym GENECES: (1) the "generality" of the ability in performances on tasks requiring adaptation to, selection of, and shaping of real-world environments; and (2) the "necessity" of these abilities in performing tasks. (Author/LMO)

Explores an artificial intelligence expert system authoring tool called EXSYS. Describes the system, which consists of an instruction manual and several floppy disks containing a rule editor for creating, editing, and experimenting with an expert system, a runtime program for running any existing EXSYS expert system, and several tutorial and…

Reports the results of a study of 135 high school students who were randomly assigned to long, medium, and short frame-length treatments of programmed United States History instruction. Results showed significant independent effects for frame length and IQ, in addition to a significant effect for the interaction between the two. (JDH)

Discusses structure, credibility, and use of the Computer Based Training (CBT) Advisor, an expert system designed to help managers make judgements about course selection, system selection, cost/benefits, development effort, and probable success of CBT projects. (MBR)

The author provides a comprehensive study of one of the most cited but least studied authorities on Black educational history, Horace Mann Bond. The author highlights both the social conditions that confronted all Black Americans during the first three decades of the twentieth century and the Black academic response of that time. (Author/CT)

Sifts through confusing intelligence theories, arguing that intelligence is a combination of influences involving power, tactics, and content. Good thinking is an unnatural act demanding evenhanded reasoning, problem finding (versus solving), and knowledge as invention. Discusses thinking frames guiding thought processes and the implications for…