Results of the comparison of metacomponential functioning and knowledge acquisition of adults with either mild mental retardation or learning disabilities found that (1) knowledge base is the best predictor of metacomponential skill, (2) metacomponential orchestration differentiates the two groups, and (3) IQ mediates metacognition, but does not…

The possibility that Spearman's Hypothesis is a statistical artifact is assessed in a review of six studies of deaf children's intelligence. Results clearly refute the proposal that the positive relationship between Black-White differences and "g" loadings is a statistical artifact and provide evidence of divergent validity for…

Examined the differential diagnostic potential of the Scales of Independent Behavior (SIB) using 479 subjects, including nonretarded, educable mentally retarded, and trainable mentally retarded subjects. Demonstrated support for use of SIB as a significant contributor to the process of differential diagnosis. (Author/ABL)

Assessment batteries of 200 elementary children with learning disabilities were analyzed to identify practices associated with the use of individual intelligence and achievement tests. Among conclusions: Many students identified as SLD have below-average intelligence, do not exhibit discrepancies on the Wechsler scale, and do not have severe…

This article introduces the use of multilayered artificial neural networks in hearing aid noise recognition. It reviews basic principles of neural networks, and offers an example of an application in which a neural network is used to identify the presence or absence of noise in speech. The ability of neural networks to "learn" the…

Two experiments examined the discrepancy between beliefs and behaviors of first 48 and then 20 clinical neuropsychologists in estimating premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients. Judges overstated correlations between IQ and its most important predictors, and they had difficulty behaving consistently with correlations they believed to…

Discusses the concept of social intelligence (SI), including its history and contexts in which it may be valid; assesses SI from the perspectives of information management, information policy, and information economics; reviews tools and techniques associated with SI, including networks, hypermedia, and connectionism; and considers education and…

Presents an overview of artificial-intelligence-based inductive learning techniques and their use in information science research. Three methods are discussed: the connectionist Hopfield network; the symbolic ID3/ID5R; evolution-based genetic algorithms. The knowledge representations and algorithms of these methods are examined in the context of…

Correlations on subscales of Wechsler intelligence quotient tests and the Revised Beta Examination were obtained for biologically related and unrelated individuals in 181 adoptive families in the Texas Adoption Project. Generally higher correlations for biologically related individuals support the importance of genetic influence in intellectual…

Assessment of 497 urban preschool children with developmental disabilities using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales indicated a strong positive relationship between adaptive behavior and intelligence if measured globally. When Vineland domains were assessed separately, this relationship varied across domains and disability groups. With…

This study found that motor impairment levels of 12 Asperger syndrome children and 9 high functioning autistic children (ages 7-17) did not differ. Intelligence level was negatively correlated with motor impairment. Fifty percent of Asperger children and 67% of children with autism showed a clinically significant level of motor impairment.…

A maximum-likelihood confirmatory factor analysis was performed by applying LISREL VII to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised results of a normal elderly sample of 225 adults. Results indicate that a three-factor model fits best across all sample combinations. A mild gender effect is discussed. (SLD)

Speed and efficiency of elemental processing among the gifted were studied by comparing 55 gifted and 53 nongifted junior high school students on elementary cognitive tasks of different complexity. Results reveal that differences are related to requisite processing complexity, suggesting differences in speed and efficiency of lower-order cognitive…

Changes in functioning related to aging were examined over a 3- to 4-year period in 34 adults (ages 22-56) with Down syndrome. Changes related to aging were minimal; neither effects of age at entry nor change over time were significant. IQ at entry significantly affected performance on neuropsychological and behavioral measures. (Author/SW)

The entire thesis of "The Bell Curve" disintegrates due to biased use of data, misrepresentations, and logical inconsistencies. Five basic flaws are: inferring causality from correlation, use of dubious racial categories, contradictory arguments concerning the immutability of cognitive ability and the relative contributions of heredity…