Measured substance abuse treatment professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) series and the 28 TIPs. Results for 3,267 respondents in wave 1 and 1,028 in wave 2 indicate that almost half of all professionals were aware of the TIPs. Attitudes toward TIPs were positive, but professionals…

This study describes how 55 clients from a career center at a large, southeastern university anticipated using computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) systems to help in their career decision making and problem solving. Responses to a cued and a free response survey indicated that clients' most frequent anticipations included increased career…

Four experiments examined 6-year-olds' performance on intentionality stories and one false belief story. Children answered according to their own knowledge in an intentional context, even though they responded by choosing a picture to insert into a protagonist's thought bubble rather than reporting the belief verbally. Children could correctly…

The purpose of this study was to determine the training needs of certified rehabilitation counselors practicing in a variety of settings by identifying knowledge areas perceived by counselors as important for which they also reported limited preparation levels. Results of the analysis revealed 23 knowledge areas in which a critical training need…

During the process of socialization into an academic discipline, the graduate student encounters two kinds of tacit knowledge: that which grows from long experience in the discipline and that generated by the students as they make sense of their graduate study experiences. Both are important and serve as guides for action. (MSE)

Examined parental drug knowledge to determine effects of socialization in a drug culture and drug knowledge. Surveyed parents (N=200) and compared scores to those from similar early 1970s tests. Found today's parents had drug knowledge scores only slightly higher than early l970s parents and completion of drug education course was most significant…

Examines young children's preferences and understanding regarding external and internal causes of behavior. Considers research in four areas: (1) knowledge of psychological states; (2) understanding that psychological states can cause behavior; (3) preference for internal versus external causes; and (4) discounting. (RJC)

Notes that few investigations have addressed adolescents' conception of knowledge. Provides a rationale as to why it may be useful to more adequately explore how adolescents view knowledge. Reviews existing investigations and discusses three general approaches to the study of the subject. (Author/NB)

Of 378 gerontological nurses surveyed in New Zealand, 42 percent felt involved in psychotropic drug-related decisions; 86 percent felt they should be involved. Nurses favored subjective drug assessment techniques. They were aware of potential of psychotropic drugs to interfere with cognition, but many failed to identify series of bogus side…

The role of prior knowledge in elaboration strategies was examined in 3 experiments involving 304 college students.. Elaborative interrogation was most effective when learners were able to draw on a rich knowledge base. When the knowledge base was low, imagery-based strategies were more potent than elaborative interrogation. (SLD)

It has previously been reported that a Pathfinder-based representation of domain knowledge is more predictive of classroom examination performance than the underlying data from which the Pathfinder representation is derived (relatedness ratings of pairs of concepts). Why this should be is analyzed with test results from 141 college students. (SLD)

The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test (ADKT) was administered to samples of practicing nurses in the U.S. and Hong Kong. Overall, U.S. nurses were significantly more knowledgeable, but exhibited more negative bias than Hong Kong nurses. Findings suggest that nurses in both countries need more training. (JPS)

Two studies involving 135 college students examined the effects of instructional activities that provided either relevant domain knowledge or knowledge about comprehension strategies. The two studies did not provide unequivocal information regarding the efficacy of these activities, although results suggest that strategy instruction may compensate…

Examined requirement that college students (n=402) receive information mandated by Drug Free Schools and Communities Act. Mailings used for meeting federal mandate were ineffective. Students knew much about mandated information before they entered college. Effective communication with students appeared to be a function of type of information…

Compared 59 adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) and 175 adult children of nonalcoholics (non-ACOAs) on self-concept, anxiety, and their knowledge of ACOA issues. Found no significant differences on self-concept and knowledge of ACOA issues. Significant differences were found on levels of anxiety, such that ACOAs had higher anxiety levels than did…