Evidence-based programs for substance use and HIV prevention (SUHIP) were adapted for high-risk juveniles detained at 24-hour secure correctional facilities. In this pilot study, comparisons were made between adolescents who received the SUHIP intervention and a control group on changes in: (1) knowledge of HIV prevention behaviors, (2) attitudes…

This exploratory study examined the involvement of Chinese immigrant parents in children's elementary and secondary education. Participants were 29 low-income, urban parents of public school children working primarily in the hospitality sector. Parents were interviewed about their academic expectations, knowledge of school performance, parent…

This study sought to determine the effects of prior knowledge on the achievement of undergraduates in an economics course at the Open University of the Netherlands (OuN). A total of 49 law and 39 economics students were given 4 instruments to test prior knowledge of economics, presented with a learning unit from the course "Economics and…

This discussion of the quality and impact of the prior knowledge state presents theoretical and empirical explorations. The theoretical discussion offers a distinct approach to the analysis of prior knowledge based on an extensive literature review of theory, models, and practice about the structure of knowledge. This base is used to define a set…

Four papers from a project concerning information-processing characterizations of the knowledge and processes involved in design are presented. The project collected and analyzed verbal protocols from instructional designers, architects, and mechanical engineers. A framework was developed for characterizing the problem spaces of design that…

Thirteen participants from 11 countries, including experts in public health, health education, social sciences, epidemiology, planning, policy-making, and program management, took part in a consultation on the monitoring and evaluation of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) education and health promotion programs in Copenhagen. A…

A cognitively based theoretical framework for the assessment of domain competence is proposed. The basic thesis is that to be knowledgeable one must know how the important concepts of a domain are interrelated. This thesis implies that any valid assessment of knowledge must capture these structural properties. The implementation of a structural…

The major purposes of this investigation were (1) to contribute to existing research on the preschool child's comprehension of disclaimers in television commercials, (2) to identify specific standard or modified disclaimers that are understood by preschoolers, and (3) to determine logical relationships between study variables. Disclaimers were…

Discussed are findings relevant to the study's first objective, involving the demographic characteristics and motivational patterns contributing to obsolescence. Responses from 65 registered nurses in a midwestern State revealed a lack of continuing education and of intrinsic motivation to remain competent. (Part 2 will identify target populations…

The findings in this study were generally inconsistent and nonsupportive of a relationship between demographic homogeneity and spousal response consensus within or across the two areas of sex knowledge and family planning attitudes. Consideration of the limitations, implications, and future directions of this research are presented. (Author/PC)

A study designed to examine the effect of test frequency on mastery of general-subject area by students in an introductory psychology course showed that both tested groups performed significantly higher than the non-tested comparison group. (Author/KM)

In the 1940s, attitudes were shown to facilitate the learning of agreeable persuasive communications. Post-1960s research, however, has failed to obtain this effect consistently. A study was conducted to investigate the role of technical knowledge in attitudinal learning in the domain of social drinking. Graduate students (N=60) verbally described…

Because there is no cure or vaccine for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), many authorities have recommended education as the primary means for controlling the spread of the disease. However, knowledge about AIDS represents a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for reduction of risky behavior. Although hetereosexual high school and…

In an effort to determine whether very young children really know who their best friends are, 16 preschool children were observed during classroom and playground activities. If a preschooler played with a child at least half the time, that child was considered the preschooler's best friend. Observations and teachers' selections of best friend…