Articles by four diverse educational innovators offer teachers some approaches to children's writing: (1) Eldonna L. Evertts advises that free self-expression should precede close attention to syntax and spelling; (2) James Britton, in four separate articles, points out: the intimate relationship between speech and children's processes of…

The author states that phonetic symbolism is not a generalizable phenomenon but maintains that those interested in the status of a poem as a speech event need not totally discount or discredit such perceptions. In his discussion of the theories which ascribe meaning to vocal utterance--the two imitative theories, the onomatopoeic and the gestural,…

Management style is a major factor in the successful accomplishment of the many tasks required of an educational administrator. An administrator's leadership style develops in proportion to his adaptation to organizational structure, his personality and value system, his concept of personal success, experiences both in and out of his managerial…

The construction and validation of a theoretically based sign system for the analysis of teaching roles in childhood education is described. A theoretical and empirical approach to validation were developed. In the first, the general concept of teacher role was identified as a viable construct for investigating characteristic patterns of classroom…

Visual modes of communication are described in this book, which also attempts to show some of the layers of meaning implicit in visual forms and symbols and something of what these can tell about people in general and their subconscious striving for self-identification. It is composed of a series of selected images--photographs, cartoons,…

To determine short-run effects of experimentally imposed leadership roles, a sample of 221 Boy Scouts (aged 10 to 17) was formed into (usually) 4-man teams that competed in 3 skill games. One member of each team was randomly designated as captain, with power to administer and reward. Captains who were leaders in their troops responded to becoming…

Although followup studies of vocational students have reported employment success of graduates, there has been little evidence presented regarding graduates' success in other aspects of life. The purpose of this study was to identify the life skills, or skills necessary for a worthwhile life, which young vocational graduates consider to be needs.…

This study was designed to investigate the effects of modeling or training with and without rule provision on the employment of strategies in solving four-dimensional, discrimination-learning problems. Subjects were 144 second and sixth-grade children from the New York City Public Schools. The blank-trial hypothesis testing paradigm was used. The…

The content and process of incidental learning of sex role related characteristics through play behavior was explored in a study of more than 6000 toys sold by Sears, Roebuck & Company between 1900 and 1970, as represented in their mail order catalogs. Sixty percent of all toys were sex typed by Sears. The nature of the play behavior…

The initial aspects of this report discuss the selection of the sample and the field study research methodology employed. The second section, "First Year Teachers' Changing Perceptions," reviews the changes that first-year teachers perceived along seven dimensions: (1) teacher satisfactions; (2) discipline, fears, worries, frustrations, failures,…

This book reports on three studies of organizational renewal conducted in eight elementary schools--four of which ranked high in organizational renewal and four of which ranked low. Examining the schools as a social system, the book deals with the theoretical context of institutional renewal in general and summarizes several empirical studies…

One of the most important capacities which children employ when learning language is the capacity to generalize. A child who hears an utterance of a verbal expression while perceiving a particular object (or action, aspect, etc.) becomes normally able to apply the expression not only to this object but also to all those objects which, for him, are…

A series of articles examines visual literacy from the perspectives of definition, research, curriculum, and resources. Articles examining the definition of visual literacy approach it in terms of semantics, techniques, and exploratory definition areas. There are surveys of present and potential research, and a discussion of the problem of…

The papers presented in this book deal with the general area of motor skill acquisition and development. In section one, the first paper presents an overview of what has come to be known as "man as an information-processing system." Attention is focused on the transformation that the sensory input undergoes during central nervous system…

Various research studies concerned with the feedback from proprioceptors which accompany movement and the way in which this information is relevant to the control of activity are brought together in this volume. It is intended for the use of those who have some basic knowledge of human anatomy and physiology as well as an acquaintance with…