The New Standards Project has designed research to describe educational standards in other countries using an ethnographic case-study approach. Data review and analysis are organized by fundamental questions, the answers to which constitute a contextualized account of what students are expected to know and be able to do. (Author/SLD)

Explores ways people learn from text. Content overlap between a text and the reader's prior knowledge is identified as one factor. Methods are proposed to identify whether a text is suitable for readers with a specific background. The usefulness of coherence gaps that stimulate constructive activities is discussed. (SLD)

Sixty elementary students with learning disabilities were interviewed about parallel domains of uncontested and contested knowledge on the topic of space, including questions of morality and questions of empirical law. Students clearly distinguished between uncontested and contested knowledge, suggesting that they are capable of working with…

A feminist perspective is brought to bear on past and present scholarship on Canadian English-language educational administration. The review and synthesis of selected recent research suggests that women's experiences and feminist thought are, as yet, an "other" perspective. (SLD)

Medical school faculty members' broad understanding of their domains has atrophied as specialization has increased. Medical students need teachers who can integrate the specific areas of a subject with overarching themes. Expanding the values of the university to once again include the scholarship of integration and teaching would provide the best…

Describes how kinesiology employs different methods for gaining knowledge and explains how epistemology can be used to organize introductory kinesiology courses or textbooks. The epistemologies used to organize subdisciplines are rationalism, empiricism, science, and subjectivism. An epistemic approach to a foundations course or textbook helps…

Two experiments with 89 fifth-grade and 166 intermediate-grade students with learning problems found that specific strategy training improved fifth graders' level of knowledge and performance on a categorical memory test, and metamemory and metacognitive reading training improved metacognitive knowledge and academic achievement of the learning…

A survey instrument concerning knowledge and skills needed by educational diagnosticians was developed and validated by 137 members of the Council for Educational Diagnostic Services (CEDS). Validated statements were used to formulate a policy statement which was approved by CEDS membership. (JDD)

Presents a framework within which to organize and synthesize existing knowledge about children's understanding of the mental states of imagination, pretense, and dreams. Concludes that by the age of three, children understand important fundamental aspects of the mental nature, origin, and truth-relation of fictional mental states, but that their…

The construction and validation of an environmental attitudes and knowledge scale designed for children is described. The scale fills a need for a research instrument with sound psychometric properties that can be used in a variety of research settings and that will allow comparisons of results across studies. (LZ)

Reports a study that examined the current HIV and AIDS knowledge and attitudes of 63 preclinical medical students. Survey data indicated that a significant portion of the subjects had poor knowledge and had attitudes that might have an adverse impact on their care of AIDS patients. (SM)

How much of the improved performance of Hungarian students on the Second International Science Assessment (1983) over the 1970 assessment could be attributed to the modernized science curriculum was explored, comparing achievement gains to curriculum implementation. Results show the value of international assessments in educational improvement.…

In one experiment, second and fourth graders used more categorical information when they made inferences than did preschoolers. In two other experiments, second graders, but not preschoolers, distinguished between categorical information and appearance when they made inferences about known concepts and familiar properties. (BC)

Examined effectiveness of group program for spouses (n=42) of frail aging veterans that included support, education, problem solving, and stress reduction. Compared with caregivers (n=47) receiving no intervention, those in group program showed significant increases in use of coping strategies, knowledge of community resources, perceived…

Examines the development and administration of the New Jersey General Intellectual Skills (GIS) Assessment, administered for the first time in 1990 at all public colleges and universities in the state. Describes the GIS's scope and function, scoring procedures, score reporting, faculty expectations, and initial results. (DMM)