Discussion of students' prior knowledge and its effect on analogical reasoning focuses on four case studies of high school and college students that were designed to determine factors important for success in overcoming misconceptions via analogical reasoning. Explanatory models are explained, and abstract transfer versus explanatory model…

Examines Alfred North Whitehead's educational theories and the value these theories possess for religious education. Outlines the application of Whitehead's theories to religious education. Expounds on Whitehead's theory of the threefold rhythm of the educational process: romance, precision, and generalization. (RW)

This study compared effectiveness of cognitive modeling with and without verbalization in teaching 60 learning-disabled elementary students efficient questioning strategies. Results indicated that both groups showed significant reductions from pretreatment to posttreatment in the number of questions required but no effectiveness differential…

The article examines various ways in which learning style differences impact on the ease with which individuals gain computer mastery. Specific programs which respond better or less well to selected cognitive styles are also cited. (Author/DB)

This article examines classroom organizational patterns and the focus, content, and strategies of instruction to show that the basal reader, rather than reading comprehension, is what is being taught. A skills model of reading, the basal approach, does not reflect what readers do to make sense of text. (IAH)

Asserts that emotions are based on cognitive appraisals of occurrences. Argues that cognitive models have heuristic value for research and practice and examines objections concerning the validity of those models. Discusses the usefulness of these models for several educational and developmental goals. (KO)

Discusses the organization and retrieval of information. Describes the tip-of-the-tongue state during mathematics problem solving. Provides five rules for a deep level of processing of new concepts. (YP)

Discussion of developing children's awareness of their own learning focuses on a study of preschool children ages five-seven in Sweden. Metacognitive skills and phenomenography are discussed, interviews with the students are described, and treatments for the experimental and control groups are explained. (16 references) (LRW)

Discusses 12 basic, instructionally relevant learning principles concerned with students' differing needs and capacities, motivated and rewarded learning behaviors, teacher expectations, student learning preferences, and the value of challenging learning opportunities. One way to increase the amount of available teaching time is to teach by…

The survey of about 1,000 students at a Hong Kong University found a decrease in students' use of a deep approach to study and an increased tendency to adopt a surface approach between their first and final years. Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, surface demands, workload, and teaching style are given as possible explanations. (Author/MLW)

Comparison of the process of problem solving using a conventional procedural computer programing language (e.g., BASIC, Logo, Pascal), with the process when using a logic programing language (i.e., Prolog), focuses on the potential of the two types of programing languages to facilitate the transfer of problem-solving skills, cognitive development,…

Presents young children's concepts related to probability grouped by definite, possible, and definitely not. Discusses the teaching methods of the probability concepts. (YP)

Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) science superitems were examined from the perspectives of Guttman Scaling (deterministic) and Item Response Theory (probabilistic). Differences between the measurement bases for the two approaches, and the results for a small case study, are reported. (Author/MLW)

These two articles discuss the contributions of behavioral and cognitive psychology to the design of computer-based instruction (CBI) and describe an integrated meta-model for use with instructional systems design (ISD) called ROPES + (Retrieving, Orienting, Presenting, Encoding, and Sequencing). Highlights include motivation, information…

The knowledge base of education must be related to the mission of the schools. In order to develop such a knowledge base a shift in emphasis to cognitive processes utilized by students is required. Implications of such a shift on school organization, teaching strategies, and teacher education curricula are discussed. (IAH)