Examined relations between Israeli teachers' subject matter knowledge (SMK), teaching experience, and espoused mental models (MMs) about children's learning. The SMK tested was English "wh-" constructions. Seventh-grade teachers were classified on subject matter tasks to have high or low SMK. Interviews examined their MMs. Despite…

Compared construction of meaning in poetry for experts (PhD English candidates) and novices (undergraduates or high school students). Found that for experts, knowledge was an important component of poetic communication. Novices had well-developed expectations for understanding poetry as discourse. Experts used productive interpretive strategies to…

Examines knowledge about the structure of memory in order to understand the process of writing melodies. Focuses on a study of 25 students who were asked to write two melodies using a computer. Presents the results and offers an example of the function of memory in writing melodies. (CMK)

The effects of the sexual child abuse prevention program ESPACE were evaluated with 133 Canadian children (grades 1-3). Children participating in the prevention program showed greater preventive knowledge and skills relative to children not participating. Follow-up data showed knowledge gains were maintained while the preventive skill gains may…

Examines evidence that the research community studying infants' object concept and the community concerned with adult object-based attention have been studying the same natural kind. Maintains that the discovery that the object representations of young infants are the same as the object files of mid-level visual cognition has implications for both…

Examines aspects of 10-year-old children's conceptions of understanding. Analyzes to what extent they (1) recognize understanding as a cohesive whole, (2) know when a descriptive understanding versus a causal understanding is expected, and (3) can distinguish between the types of causal understanding in science and history. Includes references and…

Family physicians may lack discriminatory ability to differentiate normal aging form disease states. To assess such ability, 53 aging-related indicators or symptoms were presented to 65 physicians in 3 family practice residency programs. Respondents classified each symptom as normal aging or disease. On average, residents classified 73.4% of…

Evaluates whether type of programming differentially affects the processing of rape prevention messages, attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and stability of change. Participants (n=258) were assigned to a didactic-video program, an interactive drama, or control. Results indicated that the interactive video was most effective in central route…

Judgments made by four children between seven and nine years of age regarding the safety of crossing a road in front of an approaching vehicle were studied. All participants consistently allowed smaller safety gaps as vehicle speeds increased, and three children often made potentially dangerous decisions at high vehicle speeds. (Author/PB)

Analysis of the responses of 467 public school speech-language pathologists to a questionnaire concerning computer applications identified the types of hardware available to respondents, factors that respondents felt were important in choosing software, and the type and degree of computer training respondents had. The questionnaire is appended.…

Gender differences in item-specific confidence judgments were studied for 70 male and 181 female college students. Gender differences in confidence were dependent on context and the domain being tested. Both men and women were overconfident, but men were especially overconfident when incorrect. (SLD)

The boundaries between educational research, policy, and practice are becoming blurred in the postmodern age. Ways to transform knowledge utilization and teacher self-knowledge to greater educational productivity are explored, and principles for reinventing the relationships between knowledge creation and knowledge use are discussed. (SLD)

Examines strategies to prevent or reduce the use of drugs by young people. Claims that young people need to be given the opportunity to examine attitudes and develop skills in making decisions about drug use. Suggests that drug education needs to start early and should take account of what young people already know about drugs. (MOK)

Presents assumptions and components of an experiential learning model to demonstrate the transformation of traditional educational leadership program delivery models. Two examples of experientially-based course projects are presented to illustrate teaching and learning as a transactional process of creating personal knowledge. (SLD)

Reports a study that systematically identified the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of certified physical educators in the area of multicultural education. Surveys of 348 teachers indicated that respondents had high knowledge levels and positive attitudes toward multicultural education. Teachers ages 31-40 years had significantly more…