Transactional leadership, or managing a static system of institutional exchanges, was the standard for colleges in an era of expanding markets, apparent never-ending growth, and little competition. Current conditions, however, call for transformational leadership, which involves leaders who create new approaches and relate to people in more…

In the context of educational institutions, intrapreneurs are proactive and innovative educational leaders who work as entrepreneurs inside the institution. In order to successfully carry out intrapreneurial activities, community colleges must have a structural and administrative framework that supports a market orientation and a reduced…

This book on the University of Central America Jose Simeon Canas (UCA) in El Salvador reviews its history, its establishment, its work for social change, and the consequent 1989 assassination of six Jesuit priests and two women. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the text and a description and discussion of the November 16, 1989 assassination.…

Randomly selected employees from a Veterans Administration Medical Center (n=200) were asked to complete measures on distributive justice and procedural justice 4 weeks before their performance appraisal; and on job satisfaction, commitment, involvement, and self-reported performance feedback 4 weeks after their performance appraisals.…

Can Total Quality Management (TQM) improve the performance of school systems in meaningful ways? This paper evaluates the soundness of TQM as an improvement program for education by comparing its philosophy and prescriptions with the mounting theoretical and empirical wisdom on introducing and sustaining large-scale organizational change and more…

This paper examines elements that support the creation of a Motivational Learning Environment. Is it possible to motivate students or should educators focus their energy on creating a motivational learning environment in which students become self-directed and self-motivated learners? The paper focuses on the topics of paradigms, purpose, people,…

This study examines cultural diversity of the population served by vocational rehabilitation and emphasizes the importance of building capacity within organizations and service personnel to effectively serve diverse populations. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the study noting its purpose and scope and intended audience. Chapter 2 reviews…

Sweden has recently introduced a new curriculum and grading system in its school system. Earlier change strategies based on information dissemination failed because teachers did not view the reforms as being based on reality. This paper presents a research design to identify the internal and external factors that influence change in Swedish…

This paper summarizes a study of professional development in Indiana and six other states and its connection to the provision of teacher time. The study examined state provisions for professional development in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Washington. The states used different approaches to providing teacher…

Professional development is an emerging view of faculty development that places teachers in charge of their own professional growth. The emergence of Total Quality Management (TQM) provides a vehicle for designing professional development to meet the needs of individuals and the organizations that employ them. The eight tenets of Deming's theory…

The staff of a nonprofit music support organization plagued with low morale initiated a process of change that the executive director, with the help of a consultant/adult educator, agreed to continue. The change process included seven phases: discovery of need, the helping relationship defined, the change problem identified, goals established,…

The 1996-97 school year was the second year of the Children Achieving reform initiative in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). This summary describes findings from this second-year evaluation. The evaluation team conducted interviews and observations in 21 schools and 14 clusters, interviewing education reform leaders in the school district and…

Ways in which organizations can enhance their use of "360-degree feedback" are presented. The book begins with a review of the process itself, emphasizing that 360-degree feedback should be a core element of self-development. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 describes how to maximize the value of the process for individual…

The subject of this theoretical study emerges from the identification of a gap in the theories of first, second, and third order change. Through synthesis and critique of existing theory (Bateson, 1972; Watzlawick, Weakland, and Fisch, 1974; and Bartunek and Moch, 1987), an integrated three-part theory of change is proposed to include continuous…

Competencies essential for organization development consultants, internal and external, have evolved over 20 years, based on literature and feedback from nearly 2,000 practitioners and academics. Further research is being conducted to determine what competencies are essential for internal and external organization development consultants today and…