The two purposes of this study were: (1) to identify those factors that significantly affect the use of the science process skill of prediction, and (2) to construct and test a probabilistic equation, based on a competence-performance model of cognitive development that accounts for a child's performance on tasks involving the skill of prediction.…

This study is based upon an interpretation of Ausubel's subsumption learning theory. The primary characteristic of this theory is that it views a learner's specific content knowledge as a crucial factor in learning. Two types of assessment instruments were used with first-grade students to determine concept attainment based on specific models…

This study was designed to collect and analyze the verbal protocols of students involved in introspection as they responded to standardized measures of reading comprehension, for the purpose of learning more about the reading process. Eleven seventh grade students from an urban public school were randomly chosen from 61 subjects who met the…

The primary purpose of this paper was to present the distinction between the actual contributions of Piaget regarding epistemological questions and the manner in which these contributions have been interpreted to provide a basis for current educational curriculum reform. It is the contention of the authors that the Piagetian theory concerning the…

This document reports on one of a series of three surveys conducted on behalf of the Commission on Non-Traditional Study. The chief purpose of this study is to describe in detail the potential market for adult learning. A second general purpose is to analyze the learning activities of men and women who are engaged in adult learning. To gather this…

The purpose of this study was to test the learning by discovery controversy. Three seventh-grade science classes of above average readers were selected and randomly assigned to one of three experimental treatments: discovery, guided discovery, or programed instruction. The instructional materials were derived from the Michigan Science Curriculum…

This is the final report of a study conducted to investigate the influence of values on the educational process. The purpose was to determine the extent of congruence in values of parents, school personnel, and children, and to determine relationships between value congruence and ethnic, socioeconomic, and occupational class variables. A values…

This study sought to determine whether an individual learns relatively better from pictures than from words and whether such information can be applied to the learning of prose materials. A paired-associate learning task consisting of both pictorial and verbal items from which different types of learners could be reliably identified was developed.…

Evaluated were variables effecting the differential performance of 627 educable mentally retarded Ss (mean age 14.5 years) on a test-train-retest task designed to measure learning potential. Family, social, health, schooling, and testing data were collected for the Ss of which 75% were students in public school special classes and 25% were…

This study investigated developmental changes in memory performance for two contrasting populations in Urban and Rural Yucatan, Mexico. Subjects were divided into five groups defined by age, including children and adults. All urban S's were in school, while only the two younger rural groups were in school, and older rural S's had little or no…

Reported is a study of the effect of aural versus verbal mode of presentation of tasks compared with respect to their effect on the degree of lateral transfer. Three tasks each requiring the derivation of a general rule describing a multiplicative relationship were selected. Pretesting on the final task and two transfer tasks using tasks presented…

Reported is a study which formed part of the development of a conceptually oriented curriculum in elementary science. A new approach to the introduction of concepts of energy was presented at the second grade level (three second-grade classrooms). A sequence of five lessons, in audiotutorial format, covering energy concepts selected, were…

The primary thrust of this book is the presentation of two divergent models of man, the explicit and implicit philosophical assumptions which characterize each view, the conditions of learning compatible with each model, and the educational implications of each position. An introductory section considers the two models of man--the phenomenological…

Visual fixation on one of two blank targets was reinforced with either visual or auditory stimuli in one of 3 intensity sequences: (1) low, medium, high; (2) medium, high, low; and (3) high, low, medium. An analysis of variance of learning scores for the 48 14-week-old infants resulted in a significant interaction of intensity and order and in a…

Reported is a study to examine the effects of instructional procedures on acquisition and retention of cognitive learnings. Two methods were compared: (1) teacher demonstration (students observed all science activities) and (2) student laboratory (individually or in small groups, helped plan and then carried out science activities). The Taxonomy…