Children ages 3 to 5 years old are observed in a series of 3 experiments assessing their use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning. Results suggest that young children readily interpret the cause of an outcome in terms of a contrast between the observed sequence of events, and a counterfactual alternative in which the outcome did not…

Describes an empirical field study on synchronous cooperative distance learning carried out in a large software company. Topics include Web-based training that included a chat tool; analysis of group discourse that showed variations in learning processes; participant attitudes; amount of participation; and the need for effective instructional…

Reports on a one-year action research study at the University of Cambridge (United Kingdom) which explored processes by which a cohort of postgraduate teacher trainees learned personal information and communication technology (ICT) skills. Discusses learning strategies reported by students in interviews; considers previous experience and software…

Examined role of social-referential context in 13- and 18- month-olds' mapping of verbal and nonverbal symbols to object categories. Found that infants at both ages showed evidence of learning both words and sounds when the experimenter produced a label within a familiar naming routine, and failed to learn when labels were emitted from a baby…

Reports on a study that explored the types of questions that students ask for open-ended science investigations. Discusses how teachers can help students identify problems and pose questions that are feasible for investigation. (Contains 55 references.) (DDR)

Explores how various teaching formats of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) influence student science learning outcomes in the secondary classroom. Compares teacher-directed CAI (TDCAI) and student-controlled CAI (SCCAI) in a compulsory earth science course in a secondary school in Taiwan. Indicates that TDCAI students had significantly higher…

Discusses digital instructional management systems (DIMSs) and describes a pilot study conducted in two Dutch kindergartens with a prototype DIMS that included individualization and optimization, that is matching curriculum with learner characteristics. Topics include learning processes for children at risk; and future plans. (LRW)

Re-interprets Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development as a recommendation that primary school teachers attend to what both they and their students bring to learning interactions, including cultural contexts and personal histories. Emphasizes Vygotsky's idea that teacher-student interactions be characterized by both teaching and…

Describes a study designed to address the difficulties computer science undergraduates have in learning formal reasoning methods. Computer-based tools providing a mixture of graphical and textual on-screen help were evaluated, and results indicate the tools had a positive effect on the learning process. (Author/LRW)

Describes the habits of mind that would be most desirable for students to develop. In high school for example, content-specific habits would include geometric habits of mind that support the mathematical approaches, and algebraic ways of thinking that complement the geometric approaches. (AIM)

Provides a summary of key propositions on how college students may optimize their learning experience by using programs and interventions offered through student affairs. Organizes what is known about the learning process as propositions that can guide student affairs professionals toward the design and implementation of strategies that enhance…

Five children with autism and mental retardation learned to discriminate objects in response to spoken names or to match amounts to numbers with a combined blocking procedure. The procedure involved presenting the same spoken word until 10 consecutive correct responses occurred and keeping the left-right location of objects constant. (Contains…

Asserts that well-designed course assignments are a critical component of effective teaching and learning processes. Discusses the Course Assignment Framework, which delineates 10 assignment categories, their rationales, and their advantages for faculty and students. States that the framework promotes combining tasks so that instructors can…

Maintains that Tabors' edited work is the most comprehensive and practical book on the topic available and an essential part of the knowledge base for early care and education professionals. Highlights the book's practical suggestions, concrete examples to illustrate language principles, and recommendations for teachers. Asserts that the content…

This discussion of phenomenological research methods examines the importance of secrets in children's development of self-identity, autonomy, independence, and maturity; the experience of recognition in children and its relationship to teaching, learning, and child development; and Alzheimer's dementia and the relationship between memory and sense…