Pedagogical implications of transfer of training theory and of an assumed universal grammar, as related to second language learning processes, are reviewed in this article. In recent years, the concept of a universal grammar has lost its credibility. The author urges, however, that grammar be conceived as a process or method of generating or…

A study was made to determine how the rate of spelling and the retention of spelling words was influenced by the number and spacing of practice presentations on unlearned words. Sixth-grade students (42) in East Palo Alto were drilled by a computer for 6 weeks on six lists of 12 different spelling words each. They drilled on one list until (1)…

Fifty educable retarded children who were determined to be nonconservers by means of three conservation pretests (discontinuous quantity, correspondence, and continuous quantity) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups (discontinuous quantity training, correspondence training, continuous quantity training, control, and control…

This book, the second in an annual series, contains 38 articles published during the past year in the field of child psychiatry and child development. The editors attempted to compile articles "of most value to workers in this field both for immediate information and for long-term reference." Accordingly, the articles are of two types: (1)…

The health of man's environment is vital to the well being of this and future generations; yet, abuses threaten both the natural and man-made environments. This document explores the total scope of this problem. The prime purpose of this guide is to give administrators, curriculum people, teachers, and interested citizens a statement of what might…

This document provides a current assessment of the role and character of longitudinal studies. Eighteen articles define this type of study, discuss its applications to the educational process, advise when to use longitudinal inquiry, and describe barriers formed by lack of statistical techniques in manipulating the data. The traditional argument…

To determine if students learn better in a teaching situation that emphasizes their positive involvement and decreases the emotional threat to their self-esteem produced by the traditional question-answer approach, a study was conducted to compare the average achievement levels of two groups of literature students--one taught traditionally to…

During an experiment on infant behavior, it was observed that young children shared toys with their mothers; therefore, a series of research studies was designed to investigate this phenomenon. The general purposes of the research were: (1) to define sharing more precisely and develop objective measures of frequency and duration for it, (2) to…

Bridge-to-Reading is a comprehensive, year-long reading readiness curriculum for use with 2 1/2 -- 6-year-old children. A major objective of this series is to establish a positive motivation framework for reading instruction, based on early learning experiences that are pleasant, nonpressured, and exciting. The curriculum is arranged into seven…

Bridge-to-Reading is a comprehensive, easy-to-implement reading readiness curriculum (for ages 2 1/2 -- 6) based on the premise that young children learn language and prereading skills most easily by "doing" and then learning to talk, write, and read about their own experiences. Each section in the series is presented in a separate notebook…

Two experiments were conducted, the purpose of which was to investigate the direct effects of questioning. In experiment one, 240 sophomores, juniors, and seniors from a small town high school read one of two versions of a 550-word passage describing the social behavior of the army ant. The subjects then took either a verbatim or paraphrase quiz,…

This paper proposes prognosis testing through teaching-learning situations as an effective alternative to modality testing. In modality testing the severely disabled learner's poor self-concept and short attention span adversely influence test results, and the child's preferred learning style is not determined. Prognosis testing is based on the…

Defined are categories of learning disabilities (LD) that can be remediated in regular public school classes, and offered are remedial approaches. Stressed in four studies is the heterogeneity of LD problems. Suggested is grouping LD children into three categories: no disorder (problem is from the learning environment); minor disorder (problem is…

This paper reviews and analyzes research in science education which focused on science concepts and science concept learning. Studies reviewed are grouped into eight categories: (1) cognitive development, (2) factors influencing concept formation, (3) level of concept attainment, (4) methodological effects, (5) methodological comparisons, (6)…

The import of cognitive style research for educational problems and research is discussed. Topics covered include a definition of "cognitive style," particularly "field dependence/independence," individual differences in personal characteristics associated with differences in perceptual mode (field independence) relevance of…