This paper examines fertility patterns of women in two different types of marital unions (monogamous and polygynous) in 16 sample villages of eastern Nigeria. Results show polygyny tends to reduce fertility through the intermediary of a comparatively wider age differential between the polygynists and their wives. (Author)

Applying basic decision theory on a neuropsychiatric hospital population indicates that researchers using a prediction schedule will be unlikely to predict a future suicide beyond a 20 percent level of efficiency. Eliminating false negatives was more practical than eliminating false positives in increasing the efficiency of a predictive schedule.…

This study utilized an axiomatic approach to develop a middle-range theory of premarital sexual intercourse. Using an unanalyzed data base of 336 never-married coeds in a southern state college and in a southern medical complex, 15 propositions were either statistically significant or in the stated direction. (Author)

The NCOA-Harris survey suggests new directions for research on the social aspects of aging, that their sample of older persons is representative of the American older population, and that social gerontologists need to pay more attention to the cumulation of knowledge in the field. (Author)

Using speech anxiety as the target behavior, this study compared two self-control desensitization procedures. Speech-anxious community residents (N=42) volunteered for participation in the program and were seen within a group context for a total of seven therapy sessions. No differential effectiveness was found between the two desensitization…

This brief article by four directors of components of the National Institutes of Health introduces this special issue of papers emanating from a State of the Science in Autism Conference held in April 1995. Commitment is offered by the four National Institutes of Health to fulfill the specific recommendations of the Conference on needed research…

A partnership between a research university and a minority-serving institution created a research enrichment and apprenticeship program for minority nursing students. The program provides students an opportunity to experience nursing research with the goal of increasing the number of minority researchers in nursing. (Contains 11 references.) (JOW)

Survey information from management faculty (n=182) found little, if any, link between excellence in teaching performance and research activity. (JOW)

The Human Genome Project, an effort to sequence all the DNA of a human cell, is needed to better understand the behavior of chromosomes during cell division, with the ultimate goal of understanding the specific genes contributing to specific diseases and disabilities. (MSE)

This abstract explains a planned panel discussion on the InterPARES (International Research on the Preservation of Authentic Records in Electronic Systems) project that was designed to conduct systematic research into the problem of preserving authentic electronic records over time and to research electronic records management and preservation.…

Based on key word counts from summaries in the ERIC database and article analysis of the 1975, 1985, and 1995 volumes of Research in Science Education, certain trends appear in the style of research in science education. Trends include the move from brief, controlled, laboratory-style experiments to lengthy observations and descriptions of…

Analysis of textiles and clothing research in the Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, and Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 1980-1999 (n=586) found that survey and experimentation were used most often; data analysis is primarily quantitative, although qualitative is increasing; and in the…

Construction of scientific knowledge can be seen as a struggle over who should define the terms and conditions of legitimate fields of research. Sociologists of scientific knowledge (SSK) have pointed to the importance of analysing scientific knowledge in the same way as other types of knowledge. This idea guides the present paper on Danish…

Final year research projects are a feature of most biosciences undergraduate courses. However, in a climate of increasing student numbers there is growing interest in providing alternatives to such resource-intensive projects. This interest raises some key questions. In particular, what do students learn from traditional final year projects and…

As scholars in the early stage of academic careers, the authors appreciate the opportunity to reflect on the state of the field, as D'Augelli and Grossman so cogently summarized. In this paper, they took up what they see as significant implications from their conceptual, practical, and ethical navigation that may compel one to shape their current…