This article discusses the basic characteristics of organization, administration, supervision, and specific problems of human service organizations and relates them to the concept of power. The author proposes an integration of the two models of supervision so that the administrative and teaching functions will both be served. (Author)

Investigated the effect of spousal power distribution on marital quality among Black couples. Demonstrated that the husband-led power pattern was associated with the highest levels of marital quality and that egalitarian and wife-led couples reported similar, lower levels of marital quality. (Author/RC)

Contrary to an earlier report, this study showed that life satisfaction of 56 institutionalized elderly women was associated with internality. Satisfaction was inversely related to their perception of institutional constraints, its most powerful determinant. (Author)

Investigated alienation by administering Dean Alienation Scale to 157 incarcerated and 1,318 nonincarcerated adolescents. Found that incarcerated adolescents had significantly higher levels of total alienation, isolation, and powerlessness. Given high recidivism rates, results suggest reduction of both alienation and rejection of societal norms…

Describes a social exchange experiment in which subjects (college students) with different assigned levels of reward power and punishment power exchanged rewards or punishments with each other or with computer-simulated actors through computer-mediated exchange networks. Contains 33 references. (SV)

Describes work of Karl Wilker, physician who was appointed director of Berlin's (Germany) most infamous facility for juvenile delinquents at Berlin-Lichterfelde and "Der Lindenhof," the book he published in 1921 on his experiences with troubled youth. Focuses on Wilker's strategies for empowering youth with whom he worked through…

Examination of the applicability of the Model of Human Occupation in Swedish occupational therapy concludes that the environment is a central factor in understanding occupational behavior, but the model does not accurately or adequately depict the relationship between individuals and the environment. Volition is also an important factor in…

This study investigated what kind of supportive information can be effective in improving the situation where there were severe motivational challenges. Motivational and volitional email messages (MVEM) were constructed based on an integrated model of four theories and methods, which are Keller's ARCS model, Kuhl's action control theory,…

Capabilities and biases of learning technologies are examined in light of four widely accepted principles: deep content knowledge, dialogue, agency, and collaboration. Software that supports these principles must focus students' attention on ideas rather than topics or tasks and should foster high levels of "epistemic agency," providing students…

Over the past 15 years, a growing number of composition scholars and teachers have urged that their colleagues view writing as a social practice. Social factors in some way condition, shape, influence, or determine writers, writing events, and texts. It should be noted, however, that this latter statement already frames a kind of analysis: one…

According to a recent study a rape occurs every 7 minutes and 60% of those rapes happen on dates. This study examined the impact of assault outcomes (rape, avoidance) and victim's power strategy (direct/bilateral, indirect/unilateral) on male and female evaluations of a date rape situation. College students (N=121) listened to a taped dialogue and…

Values are guiding principles in an individual's life that transcend situations and guide selection and evaluation of behaviors and events. Frequently women are assumed to be less likely than men to make use of power. Several explanations may account for any sex differences in power values or power behavior. Women have not traditionally been…

The events leading to Cherokee removal are discussed. (NQ)

In the 1880s, William James argued that individuals do make a difference in history, and that the study of influential people is a defensible academic pursuit. The literature on leadership today raises three distinct challenges to his position: (a) that everyone is a leader, (b) that no one is a leader, and (c) that leadership is self-leadership.…