Though leanness in athletes is often a natural state, it can pose long-term liability to some athletes' performance and/or health. The physician must determine when leanness is reason for clinical concern. Athletes who do not eat enough to sustain training must either reduce the exercise load or increase nutritional intake. (Author/SM)

Reviews 10 computerized business simulations used to teach business policy courses, discusses problems with measuring performance, and presents a statistically based approach to assessing performance that permits individual team goal setting as part of the computer model, and allows simulated firms to start with different financial and operating…

Spanish-speaking preschoolers learning English in a bilingual preschool program were videotaped while working independently on tasks to examine their spontaneous private speech. Results show that the private speech of bilingual preschoolers appears to develop normally. Positive effects of second-language learning in a bilingual program on the…

The evaluation of teaching by the use of self-assessment, fellow specialists, and students is discussed. The use of questionnaires, videotapes, tape recordings, checklists, and suggestion boxes are described. Examples of evaluation-form statements are included. (KR)

A study examined effects of consultant observation and peer mentoring on anxiety and effectiveness in 13 teaching assistants at a research university. These and a control group of 14 teaching assistants also attended a 1-week workshop and 16-week theory/pedagogy course. Anxiety was lower and student ratings of effectiveness were higher in the…

Two studies compared the performance of students (total n=66 and ages 5-21) with autism or developmental disabilities in one-to-one instruction to performance of those transitioned to small groups. Results indicated successful transition to small group formats across curriculum areas including language, math, readiness, and shopping. (Author/DB)

Presents a model for evaluating performance-based instruction that is intended for use by human resource development/performance technology professionals. Highlights include goal setting; program design and implementation; evaluating the use and impact of training; instructional tasks, including sequencing; quality of student products; and…

Study of New Zealand public library effectiveness duplicates research by Childers and Van House which examined the multiple constituencies model of organizational effectiveness. Librarians, users, and councillors rated performance indicators identified from the literature, and similarities and differences between the two studies are reported. A…

Research indicates faculty and preservice teachers rank abstract foundations of education courses lowest in contribution and interest level, whereas concrete courses receive high rankings. The paper recommends eliminating student evaluation of faculty and implementing a system of external review of faculty teaching competence and scholarly…

Twenty-eight children with and without disabilities were observed during free play in integrated early childhood programs, and associations among program quality indicators and children's play were analyzed. The study attempted to predict dynamic/process measures of program quality (teacher behavior) from global and structural measures of quality…

Describes a study that was conducted to examine the influence of institutional type, as defined by the Carnegie Classification, on tenure and promotion criteria at academic libraries. Highlights include faculty status; academic degree required; job performance; service; research and publication; teaching; and similarities of criteria for…

The effectiveness of students' evaluations of teaching effectiveness (SETs) as a means of enhancing university teaching was evaluated using the self-evaluations of 92 teachers and their students' evaluations using the Students' Evaluations of Educational Quality instrument. Results support the effectiveness of SET feedback in improving teaching.…

Criterion-related validities of 2 laboratory practitioner certification examinations for medical technologists (MTs) and medical laboratory technicians (MLTs) were assessed for 81 MT and 70 MLT examinees. Validity coefficients are presented for both measures. Overall, summative ratings yielded stronger validity coefficients than ratings based on…

This study, involving 24 young and elderly normal-hearing adults, addressed the effects of aging on auditory serial-recall performance for natural and synthetic words. Serial recall of monosyllabic words was not affected by age per se or by rate of presentation, but word difficulty affected recall for both groups. (Author/JDD)

A study compared the generalizability of 36 medical students' performance scores under systematically varied station times in 2 surgery end-of-clerkship performance-based examinations. Results indicated longer station length decreased generalizability of scores by decreasing variability among students' performances. Testing time was also affected.…