Current thinking and research on the nature of formative evaluation of replicable forms of instruction are summarized. Methodologies appropriate for other evaluation roles (e.g. summative) are shown to be often inappropriate for the formative role. This paper attempts to classify sources of information concerning the merit of educational materials…

This seminar focused on the need for increased use of educational planning by politicians and administrators in developing and developed countries. The report includes examples of educational planning in centralized governments such as those of France and Rumania as well as in large Federal decentralized governments such as those of Brazil and…

The lab activities described in this project, designed to help students integrate knowledge with action, are presently in the early developmental stages. Providing a setting for laboratory civics instruction, the school is viewed as a micro/political system offering a series of purposive participation experiences in which a transfer of knowledge…

Designed to provide administrators of occupation programs at the secondary and post-secondary level with a systems approach to administration, this administrators' guide brings together administrative and leadership tasks and responsibilities that must be considered by administrators when developing programs. The system presented in the guide is…

The purpose of this study was (1) to analyze desired student involvement in five areas of decision making on the high school level; and (2) to determine whether there is a significant relationship between students' perception of participation in specific areas of decision making and designated variables pertaining to socio-psychological…

This study, a political history, analyzes three educational crises in New York City during the last 25 years. Primary attention is given to the mayoralty in an attempt to ascertain the effectiveness of his power in education. This research analyzes his role by eliciting the actual operations of decision making (participants involved, exertion of…

This report traces the earliest field trials and later developments of the Educational and Career Exploration System (ECES), a computer-based learning environment to be used as a part of the educational and vocational guidance services in secondary schools. ECES includes a set of experiences in which the student considers his own educationally and…

This text has been written primarily as a handbook for organizational specialists in school districts, for those learning to become organizational specialists, and for teachers of organizational specialists. For the most part, each chapter and each major section has been organized to be understood and used independently from the rest of the book.…

This document presents the program, papers, and discussions of the first conference exclusively concerned with the American business system and the first one on the future. Approximately 1,500 key business, labor, university, and government leaders met to consider the issues, challenges, and opportunities confronting the American private…

Educational development requires management, which is basically decision-making based upon information. Information must be processed, involving movement from its source, analysis, transmission, storage, retrieval, summarization, transformation, and reporting. The regulation of this process is the purview of the information management system…

The development of cable television (CATV) requires more decisionmaking by local communities than other relatively new technologies. The nature of CATV and its potential influence on the immediate community demands that local interests--business, government, community groups, and individuals--have a voice in shaping the terms of the community's…

As part of the Phase II report of the Illinois Occupational Curriculum Project, this document summarizes efforts made to: (1) gain a familiarity with the terminology and theory of systems modeling, (2) study the application of systems modeling in various management settings, and (3) identify factors to be considered in selecting and developing a…

A study examining various pertinent aspects of child day care is presented. Two questions are focused upon: (1) How does a community get group day care?, and (2) Once day care is obtained, how can the community regulate its quality? Also included in this study is an exploratory look at the clientele of day care centers--parents and their…

Various simulations designed for adult learning experiences are described. A simulation is defined as "an operating model that displays processes over time and thus may develop dynamically." It is stated that this definition implies that the teacher can design a simulation that he can manage and then can increase its complexity. One simulation…

This report describes a 21-month research project, the overall goal of which was to develop behavioral objectives and guidelines for a civics curriculum for the 1970's. The project staff first set out to learn whether secondary school students were concerned with greater participation in institutional decision making, and to consider the…