A transparent, three-dimensional island or hill on which contours have been drawn may be shown as a two-dimensional contoured map using an overhead projector. (Author/AM)

Secondary students analyze a map showing global aging trends. Selected materials on the aged and aging population with geographic content are listed. (RM)

Chinese geography expanded rapidly after liberation in 1949. Since 1976 there has been a vigorous effort to improve geographical teaching and research. The major problems being tackled include the separation of physical and human geography, the neglect of human geography, a lack of breadth in geographical training, and the low status of geography…

Discusses a study undertaken to determine the ecological effects of off-road vehicles, such as four-wheel drive trucks and dirt bikes in the Big Cottonwood Canyon area near Salt Lake City. Applications of the study to other investigations of off-road vehicles are discussed. (DB)

Describes a college course which uses field studies to examine communities and small urban places. The course is designed for undergraduate students with little or no field experience and is offered as an intensive two-week session between semesters. (RM)

Describes a series of geography activities for upper elementary students designed to develop comprehension of space-time relationships. Students collect data about their families' commuting patterns and construct regional maps showing distances and directional relationships. Then they modify the maps to incorporate the time dimension. (AM)

Reexamines geographic thought regarding ethnocentrism as expressed in the writings including Ellen Churchill Semple, Hendrick Willem Van Loon, Ellsworth Huntington, Roswell C. Smith, J. Olney, Henry Thomas Buckle, Georg Friedrich Hegel, Johann Gottfried Von Herder, Charles de Montesquieu, Ibn Khaldun, and Hippocrates. (DB)

Explains how to use map-making aids in elementary and secondary schools and suggests various uses. Includes master sheets of cartographic symbols. Journal availability: see SO 507 319. (CK)

Surveys America's current energy situation and considers means of attaining domestic energy self-sufficiency. Information is presented on hazards of decreasing energy production, traditional energy sources, and exotic energy sources. (Author/DB)

Presents an historical overview of the use of the science of geography for practical purposes. Topics discussed include British schools of geography during the 19th century, contributions of many of the founders of applied geography, forms in which geographical work can be used for practical purposes, and the status of applied geography in various…

Suggests using school planetariums to teach the use and interpretation of coordinate systems (maps, graphs). Also suggests that using music to correspond to specific points to be located stimulates student motivation. Provides a comprehensive list of sources of music. (KC)

Traces the evolution of the geography curriculum in higher education in Yugoslavia. From the 19th century geography instruction has survived the trauma of foreign domination, a royalist kingdom, and the advent of a socialist state. (Author/KC)

The present paper reports data concerning the attitudes of geography teachers in Nigeria and Ghana towards the use of statistical techniques in university geography teaching, and suggests ways of influencing current feelings in a positive direction. (Author/BW)

Reviews articles in the 1976 Journal of Counseling Psychology concerned with causal questions without broad consideration for the context or history of the variables under investigation. Notions of Brunswick and Snow regarding distal, proximal, and central regions for research concerned with ecology are presented with adaptation for counseling.…

Recent research studies of both classifications of ocean margins (active or of Pacific type and passive or of Atlantic variety) have yielded a considerable amount of new information leading to some new theories. These theories regarding different kinds of tectonic activity are discussed. (BT)