The philosophical notions introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) are helpful for researchers in understanding the nature of knowledge and reality. In the Peircean logical system, the logic of abduction and deduction contribute to our conceptual understanding of a phenomenon, while the logic of induction adds quantitative details to the…

See TM 501 201-2 for related articles. (MLP)

Two nonparametric statistical methods, the inverse normal scores method and the rank order transformation, are compared for use in discriminant function analysis. The methods are compared for both normal and non-normal distributions. When the distributions are normal, the rank and inverse normal scores methods are effective substitutes for the…

IN A PRESENTATION TO THE AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, IT WAS STATED THAT THEORY CONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL TO ALL INQUIRY. THEORY IS CHARACTERIZED AS BEING PRACTICAL AND CONSISTS OF EITHER RELATED GENERALIZATIONS OR RELATED HYPOTHESES WHICH ARE TESTABLE. 4 TYPES OF THEORY ARE CLASSIFIED AS--(1) FORMAL THEORY, (2) EVENT THEORY, (3)…

Five hypotheses are tested concerning the attitude changes occurring in subjects informed of research findings that conflict with their pre-experimental attitudes. Results are discussed. (CK)

The importance of the assumption of normality for testing that a bivariate normal correlation equals zero is examined. Both empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that such tests are robust with respect to violation of the normality assumption. (Author/JKS)

Caution is advised in utilizing the univariate F test as the initial screening device for hypothesis testing in the analysis of repeated measures data. (JMB)

Problems associated with ranking a large number of objects are discussed. It is recommended that only a subset of the most preferred objects be ranked by each judge. A test statistic for testing the hypothesis of no difference in preference among the objects is developed for the recommended procedure. (Author/JKS)

An approach for modifying the results of asymptotic theory to improve the performance of statistical procedures in small to moderate sample sizes is described in the context of hypothesis testing. The method is illustrated by a series of examples. (Author)

A computer program is described which performs the Bowker test of symmetry in a square contingency table, the Light-Margolin and Pearson tests for homogeneity in nonorder contingency tables, the Kruskal-Wallis test for ordered dependent variables, and the Kandall and Maxwell tests for monotonic trends in ranks. (Author)

J. Frass and I. Newman (2000) proposed a hypothesis testing procedure that incorporated the following three key elements: (1) the establishment of a practical significance value; (2) the construction of a non-nil null hypothesis that incorporated the practical significance value; and (3) statistical testing of the non-nil null hypothesis with a…

This paper analyzes three possible research designs using each of the four types of sums of squares in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). When the design is balanced (i.e., each cell has the same number of observations), all of the SPSS types of sums of squares yield equivalent results (testable hypotheses and sums of squares)…

The tests discussed provide a relatively wide variety of inference techniques which may be applied to "koppa". Each of the techniques may be used to construct confidence intervals, and one specific equation provides a simultaneous test of zero values for two koppas when applied properly. (NE)

Comment on EJ 060 883, and J. Cohen, Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences,'' New York: Academic Press, 1969. (CB)