This paper explains how analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and related statistical corrections work and discusses difficulties with the use of these corrections under certain circumstances. ANCOVA is essentially a regression of a covariate variable on the dependent variable from the entire sample ignoring group membership, at least, if ANCOVA…

Proposes three different multiple range tests based upon the Newman-Keuls philosophy with respect to significance levels. The three tests utilize the Fmax statistic, Cochran's statistic and a normalizing log transformation of the sample variances respectively. (Author/RC)

The probability of obtaining a significant statistic, using the parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and the rank transform ANCOVA, was estimated for three conditions defined in terms of conditional distributions for two groups. The distributions were both normal, both skewed in the same direction but to different degrees, or both skewed to…

In solving a problem, how does the subject single out an intermediate hypothesis? When a sequence of hypotheses does not lead to a solution, how does he revise them? Does he give up the entire sequence? Article considered these problems. (Author/RK)

The interest in developmental sequences and learning hierarchies is growing. One approach to the study of such sequences is to gather data on several variables, each of which corresponds to a stage, step, or phase in the sequence and to examine the associations between the variables as displayed in a contingency table. If the variables are…

A Bayesian analysis for 2 to the k power factorial arrangements of treatments is presented in this paper. To perform the analysis, an experimenter must specify prior distributions on an orthogonal set of linear functions representing the main effects and interactions and on a function representing the grand mean. The solution is relatively…

In three experiments, this study investigated what evidence people use in making inferences about causality in complex and uncertain situations. Given evidence consisting of multiple observations of some outcome, with each observation including information about the presence or absence of that outcome and of some of its possible causes, subjects…

If drama theorists are to improve the profession at large, they need to put their own house in order first. Too often drama theorists rely on intuition, tolerating the unexplained and the unsystematized. They could learn from theorists in other fields, such as physics and the "hard" sciences, by organizing the facts of their field of knowledge and…

Most theatre people (academic and professional) are disdainful of dramatic theory and related matters. Teachers of theory, criticism, and history assert the importance of their studies but do not demonstrate that importance. It is easier for teachers to expose students to explicit material on theory and test them to see if they remember it than to…

The three lectures, presented as the first series of the Alvin and Fanny Blaustein Thalheimer Lectures, concern the logical status of scientific theories in relation to observation. Nagel analyzes some of the attacks on the observational-theoretical distinction, and proposes that the proper way of construing the observational-theoretical contrast…

Two objectives guided the present study: (1) to provide a suitable test for the hypothesis rho=0, and (2) to establish a means by which general users of R can set confidence intervals on rho. The first objective was approached by testing several possible solutions similar to the procedure followed by Forsyth. The second objective was pursued via a…

The computation of F ratios from cell means and standard deviations is shown for a two-way analysis of variance. (JKS)

Procedures to estimate the magnitude of a treatment effect are examined for analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs which have repeated-measures. In particular, it is argued that the estimate of utility (strength of effect) for a within-subjects variable should be adjusted to reflect the underlying ANOVA model. (Author/JKS)