Argues that despite aberrations, false starts, misapplications, and unfortunate crystallizations of methods and interpretations, the differential psychology of cognitive abilities is an important part of psychological knowledge about human beings. (Author/GC)

Discusses the differences between education and training and the consequences of our confusion. (Author/WD)

Examined factorial validity of tasks designed to measure cognitive processing in each of Luria's three functional units. Fourth and fifth graders (N=112) were administered nine experimental tasks chosen or developed according to theoretical components of planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive processes. Obtained general support for…

Researchers assessed the stability of individuals' perceptions of occupational titles and then tested whether Holland's spatial model, Prediger's dimensional model, or Gati's classificatory model could be identified in the data. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and suggest the stability of the occupational perceptual structure.…

Reviewed clinical records and test data for 103 children ages 4 to 5 years old who had been tested with the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition. Children were tested for multidisciplinary evaluation of developmental problems. Results suggest need for caution in using area score differences or subtest strengths or weaknesses to…

Executive functions (EF) are a group of interrelated complex mental abilities that are involved in planning and initiating goals and carrying them through despite interruptions. As these functions are typically higher-order and involved in integrating other, more basic, lower-order functions, they are difficult to assess directly, and executive…

What is the nature of latent predictors that facilitate diagnostic classification? Rupp and Templin (this issue) suggest that these predictors should be multidimensional, categorical variables that can be combined in various ways. Diagnostic Classification Models (DCM) typically use multiple categorical predictors to classify respondents into…

The construct of ability conceptions plays a critical role in children's motivation and achievement behaviors in education, including physical education. Valid and reliable measures of this construct are essential to advance our knowledge of children's ability conceptions and related cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. From a…

A format account is given of the structure of conversational domains. A procedure is described which permits the construction of representations of the domains of tutorial conversations (knowledge structures) together with an account of the use of the procedure for structuring academic subject matters. (Author)

Models for cognitive diagnosis have been developed as an attempt to provide more than a single test score from item response data. Most approaches are based on a hypothesis that relates items to underlying skills. This relation takes the form of a design matrix that specifies for each cognitive item which skills are required to solve the item and…

In efforts to clarify ambiguity in the scoring directions for part of the WISC, 100 children were given the test which was scored by two sets of criteria. Four sets of data were analyzed, with significant discrepancies apparent only between Verbal-Performance correlations secured by Wechsler in his standardization of the WISC and those secured in…

A discussion of models of intellectual development and their application to education identifies the two major groups of such models and examines recent attempts to combine them. The two types of theories are described as the psychometric models, which see intellectual growth as the incremental amassing and associating of discrete ideas, and the…

AT PRESENT, ROLE THEORY IS MOVING TOWARD A MORE EMINENT POSITION IN SOCIOLOGY. ROLE THEORY HAS DEFINITE AND BASIC DISTINCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS, NUMBER, BACKGROUND, CHARACTERISTICS, AND COGNITIONS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH IN THE ROLE AREA ARE PRESENTED. FOCUS IS ON THE PREVIOUS USE OF ROLE METHODOLOGY AND…