Further improvements in health care are best achieved through the development of lay resources rather than professional resources in health. (JD)

It is argued that the general learning difficulties exhibited by mentally retarded persons are similar in many respects to the learning difficulties of nonretarded persons who are in a state of learned helplessness (M. Seligman, 1975) or who are external in locus of control orientation. (Author)

This longitudinal analysis focuses on two different, yet structurally related, processes: changes over time in a community's leadership structure, and changes over time of those individuals who occupy leadership positions. The former process occurs over a longer time span and is system centered, while the latter occurs more frequently and is…

Presents a school principal's interview with a young, gay African American male who was in a special education day school for teens with learning and behavioral problems. Recounts the challenges of growing up as a gay adolescent, including memories of not being accepted and being accepted. Presents examples of survival strategies. (RJM)

Examined predictors of coping styles, depression, and somatic symptoms in 472 college students. Found expectancy to be able to alter one's mood state added significantly to prediction of coping. Mood-regulation expectancies also predicted dysphoria and somatic symptoms, even with effects of coping behavior and other variables partialed out.…

Proposes tentative model for considering the nature of power and how counselors might use power to influence those who have impact on their clients and programs. Presents power strategies framework based on differing levels of interpersonal relationships as way to bring about desired change in interpersonal situations that are harmful to clients…

School reformers must reclaim schools in the interest of extending democracy, combating domestic tyranny, and preventing assaults on human dignity, rather than myopically pursuing competitive test scores. The role of the teacher must be socially redefined, and learning for empowerment advanced. Techniques for financing education must also be…

This study examined personality traits in 63 pairs of fathers and mothers in which there was acknowledged child sexual abuse by the fathers. A minority of both mothers and offenders differed from norms on traits reflecting social inadequacy, but no personality deviations were prototypical in either group. No evidence for pervasive…

Presents a technique for dividing the teaching/learning process into microcomponents to ease transition to self-direction. The component checklist includes assessing needs, setting goals, specifying content, pacing, selecting instructional methods, controlling the learning environment, promoting reflection, determining the instructor's role, and…

Results of research directly and indirectly applicable to life support indicate that patients and intimates suffer less psychological distress if those who have close positive relationship with patient maintain emotional closeness to patient and participate in making decisions concerning life support. Suggests that people feel less distress if…

Presents interview with Ralph Mero, Executive Director of Compassion in Dying, Seattle (Washington)-based organization that has brought new voice to controversial issue of physician-assisted rational suicide. Mero explains how his years as minister watching people suffer with cancer or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome led him to work for…

Notes growth in number of self-help groups/agencies for mental health clients. Examines self-help perspective in relation to problems with traditional mental health services and need for client-run services. Goal of article is not to endorse self-help perspective but to use it as basis for raising research questions that will further mental health…

Provides set of research strategies that would help bridge gap between research concerning care and treatment of people with severe mental illness and consumer empowerment. Argues that research should attend to context of research, vantage point, process of formulating research questions, selection of interventions tested, selection of outcomes…

Focuses on United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to examine childhood, child development, and child advocacy. Looks at social, legislative, administrative, and individual advocacy and raises issues dealing with children's rights. Considers developmental perspectives on children's rights and examines youth empowerment efforts. (NB)

Reports on a corpus-based investigation of the use of English in Korean English newspapers. The study examines modals which express meanings associated with volition and prediction and prepositions which denote spatial relations believed to result from contact with Korean. The results show some aspects of the nativization of English in Korea. (SMN)