Background/purpose: It is an urgent necessity to identify geometric conceptual errors among students at different levels. These errors cannot be ignored, as they hinder the learning of related concepts. Teachers need to be aware of these errors, which are often embedded in students' cognitive structures, so that they can work on eliminating them…

Purpose: Despite persistent educational reform efforts, sustainability remains an ongoing challenge. This study examines reform sustainability from the perspective of math teachers in urban middle schools under pressure to improve. We address: How did teachers experience the sustainability of reform in the context of a 4-year instructional…

In this first paper of the Symposium: Strategies that promote inclusive mathematics education, we introduce the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) guidelines through a mathematics lens. Using a rapid review, empirical studies on mathematics and UDL in early years, primary, or secondary school settings were sought. Six research papers were…

Teachers play a crucial role as change agents in schools; however, research rarely positions teachers as the implementers of reform. Teachers in classrooms understand the complexity of their context and are well positioned to adapt professional learning to implement change in their schools. Multiple case study, one in Australia and one in Norway…

Productive struggle (PS) has emerged as a critical construct in mathematics education, emphasizing the importance of persistence, cognitive engagement, and conceptual understanding in problem-solving. However, inconsistencies in its conceptual and operational definitions have hindered its effective implementation and assessment. This study…

There is a growing consensus in research that children's numerical competence starts to develop at a very early age. However, there are few tools for screening the development of early numerical competence and thereby making this development researchable. One obstacle in designing such tools is that verbal utterances cannot be used as the primary…

Children learn the cardinalities of the first numbers one, two, three and four before they learn how counting tracks cardinality for all numbers. It may be that when children start to understand counting, they also discover how numbers relate to one another in a structured number system. Do children who understand that the cardinality of a set is…

The current study examined how prospective first- and second-grade mathematics teachers define the polygon diagonals concept, how they reconstruct their definition during and following an intervention, and how their concept images develop over time. Twenty-three prospective teachers participated in the study, during which they were asked to…

There is a growing body of knowledge on coding and computational thinking for young students in mathematics education, and several attempts to lower the threshold for learning programming and programming languages have been reported. This study focuses on the challenges of teaching programming in a linguistically heterogeneous classroom by…

Although research indicates that individual students benefit when they enroll in early algebra classes, evaluations of broad-based algebra acceleration often report negative effects. Using a regression discontinuity design, we replicate the positive effects of eighth-grade algebra placement on student achievement found in prior studies. We then…

Computational thinking (CT) is a thinking skill developed and integrated into curricula worldwide in recent years. However, limited assessment is one of the challenges in integrating CT skills into the educational curriculum of developing countries such as Indonesia. This study aimed to develop and validate a CT assessment instrument tailored for…

We fine-tuned and compared several encoder-based Transformer large language models (LLM) to predict differential item functioning (DIF) from the item text. We then applied explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to identify specific words associated with the DIF prediction. The data included 42,180 items designed for English language…

Learning outcomes (LOs) represent a pivotal component of contemporary instructional design, particularly within the context of modular and student-centred educational frameworks. However, the increasing adoption of flexible learning pathways, micro-credentials, and cross-institutional programmes has created a critical need for systematic methods…

Mathematics teacher educators suggest investigating evidence of Preservice Mathematics Teachers' (PMTs) Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching through Approximations of Practice. However, the forms of approximations of practice that optimize PMTs' opportunities to demonstrate and develop Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching are underexplored. In this…

Proof is a key indicator for a student in developing mathematical maturity. However, in the process of learning proof, students have the difficulty of being able to explain the proof that has been compiled using good arguments. So we need a strategy that can put students in the process of clarifying proof better. One strategy that can explore…