Investigates factors that members of organizational work teams (school administrators and personnel who volunteered to work with students with ongoing drug and alcohol problems) believe facilitate and inhibit group performance effectiveness. Finds that compatible work schedules, motivated group members, adequate informational resources, competent…

Tested 160 children on a Stroop-like day-night test that involved 2 rules. Also tested for whether remembering two rules alone was sufficient to cause difficulty. Concludes that the requirement to learn and remember two rules is not in itself sufficient to account for the poor performance of younger children (under five) in the experiment. (DR)

Discussion of index construction for large text collections highlights a new indexing algorithm designed to create large compressed inverted indexes "in situ." Topics include a computational model, inversion, index compression, merging, experimental test results, effect on retrieval performance, memory restrictions, and dynamic…

Three groups of judges (n=18) differing in stuttering judgment experience identified stuttering events in repeated speech samples, to investigate a measurement methodology based on time-interval analyses. Results showed interjudge agreement was affected by the particular speech sample, the judges' previous experience, and the length of the…

Twenty-one normal hearing college students were presented with non-time-gated and time-gated speech stimuli. Findings indicated that poorer accuracy and longer isolation points were observed at lower signal presentation levels, listener confidence at isolation point was only indirectly influenced by presentation level, and monosyllabic word…

Defines school-based management as a decentralization of school supervision from the district to the individual school level and discusses the limited effect that has been found to date of this type of management on student performance. Some ways to encourage student achievement through school-based management are suggested. (13 references) (LAE)

This study examined the effects of structured conversational turn-taking on disfluencies and speech rate of a boy (age 5) who stuttered, based on dinner-time conversations in the subject's home. Results indicated that disfluencies decreased when structured conversational turn-taking was instituted and increased when turn-taking conditions were not…

Seven 5-minute, straight-copy timed writings administered to 87 college students revealed that (1) use of the print and return features of electronic typewriters does not automatically heighten speed or accuracy; and (2) students do not necessarily choose the best combination of features for enhancing performance. (SK)

Effects of goal setting and feedback on creative productivity (as measured by both creativity emphasis and quantity emphasis) of 54 subjects found that feedback improved creativity performance of subjects with creativity goals, creativity feedback was more valued than feedback relating to quantity goals, goal commitment was increased by feedback,…

Eleven male triathletes were studied to determine the relationships between selected metabolic measurements and triathalon performance. Oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, and heart rate were measured during freestyle swimming, cycling, and treadmill running. Economy of effort was an important determinant of performance. (JD)

Three experiments assessed the efficacy of various reinforcers to increase correct task responding in a total of 10 autistic children, aged 6-9. Of the reinforcers used (stereotypy, delayed echolalia, perseverative behavior, and food), task performance was highest with opportunities to engage in aberrant behaviors, and lowest with edible…

Surveys holders of doctorates in speech communication to discover the greatest barriers to dissertation completion and the forms of emotional support perceived as most useful. Offers advice to help doctoral candidates succeed in completing a dissertation. (SR)

Quality in outcomes-based education depends on type of educational goals and outcomes and a view of humanity as motivated by self-interest. When these requirements are not met, outcomes-driven education may be dehumanizing and educationally trivializing. (SK)

Reports four experiments that examined four-year olds' ability to coordinate orthogonal spatial dimensions. Found that performance was particularly good when two imagined lines of sight were the dimensions to be coordinated. Results support the notion that young children perform better when tasks are set in a meaningful context. (MM)

Examined 4-year olds' strategy development using a new kind of "same-different" judgment task that minimized memory demands. Found that children's spontaneous behavior was highly strategic, and over trials it developed differently for "same" and "different" trials. Most children who did not spontaneously use the most…