In 1970 many Australian students, teachers, and schools participated in the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Science Project. The aim of the project was to measure the science achievement of students in Australia and 18 other countries, and to examine relationships between this achievement and various…

Reported are results of a 1-year educational intervention program for 120 pre-kindergarten and 120 kindergarten aged culturally disadvantaged children in Paterson, New Jersey. Described are the three experimental and five control groups which contrasted advantaged with disadvantaged children, and groups using the staff developed set of performance…

Two experiments were designed to test Kukla's cognitive theory of task performance, based on intended effort. Experiment I was designed to determine if success feedback leads to an overall increase in performance level and differential asymptotic performance for those high and low in achievement motivation. Experiment 2 was aimed at determining if…

A personalized system of instruction (PSI) was used to teach an undergraduate course in the principles and procedures of behavior modification. In most courses utilizing PSI, proctors grade quizzes and discuss the incorrect answers with the students. This study investigated the effect these discussions had on the students' quiz performance. The…

Discussed is the theoretical and practical importance of the development of learning and transfer taxonomies with psychometric relevance and of the building of psychometric classificatory systems with implications for learning and instruction. Psychometric classifications of human performances most often are based on the covariation of individual…

This paper defines and clarifies aspects of the problem of measuring the outputs and objectives of higher education. The author proposes some standard terminology and introduces in a relatively unstructured way some ideas which may stimulate more systematic and critical thinking on the problem of measures of outputs and objectives. The attention…

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of time perspective on performance expectancies and the subjective evaluation of outcomes in regard to a task at which subjects had previously succeeded or failed. Subjects first succeeded or failed on either an easy or difficult task. They then stated performance expectancies and made…

Affect arousing and energizing properties of positive and negative reinforcing stimuli were investigated. Subjects received positive evaluations (PE), similar attitudes (SA), dissimilar attitudes (DA) or negative evaluations (NE) presented on slides. Pre- and post-slide semantic differentials were filled out by each subject. All subjects then…

Kindergarten Ss were assigned to three treatments. Group I learned words that were self-selected; Group II learned words selected by children in Group I, and Group III learned words common to the vocabulary of young children. Group I Ss scored significantly higher than the control group Ss, supporting the Ashton-Warner hypothesis. Group I ratings…

The interrelationships between aptitude test performance and certain demographic-cultural variables were investigated, as well as the relationship between these variables and the aptitude test factor content. Five test batteries were administered to groups of approximately 1,900 subjects each. Multiple regression analyses indicated that there were…

The main purpose of this project was to provide comprehensive orientation and mobility training to blind juvenile and geriatric clients, in order to make them capable, safe, and independent. This report covers the project's first 3 years of operation, during the demonstration period from 1964 to 1967. In addition to a program description, the…

Previous research has shown that sequences in which instances from the same category appear successively facilitate performance in concept attainment. This could be due to subjects adopting strategies which involve comparisons of instances from within the same category. However, if subjects were to adopt a strategy involving comparisons of…

The introductory discussion focuses on research which shows relationships between self-perception and school performance, and emphasizes especially a locus of control measurement scale developed to assess children's belief in internal vs. external control in academic situations exclusively. Internality is seen as constituting a motivational…

The effect on achievement of sequential organization of subject matter in programed instruction, the interaction of sequence with verbal ability, and the effect of two types of anxiety on learning were examined in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a group in which program frame sequence had been scrambled by means of a table of…

This study investigated the classroom attention as well as performance on simple tasks of seriously disturbed, psychotic-type, verbally communicative children under conditions of reduced auditory input (using ear protectors) and under conditions of normal auditory input (using a placebo device). No significant difference was found in either task…