A total of 72 Nigerian (Igbo) children learned reversal or extradimensional shifts under one of two conditions of locality (urban or rural) and one of three conditions of age (4, 7, or 10 years). Results showed significant main effects for shift, age, and locality and were interpreted as being consistent with the Kendlers' (1962) mediational…

Relation priming is a phenomenon in which comprehension of a word pair (e.g., COPPER HORSE) is facilitated by the prior presentation of another word pair (e.g., GLASS EYE) that instantiates the same conceptual relation (i.e., "composed of"). We investigated whether relation priming is contingent on lexical similarity. Study 1 revealed that…

A simple instance of coupling behavior to the environment is oscillating the hands in pace with metronome beats. This environmental coupling can be weaker (1 beat per cycle) or stronger (2 beats per cycle). The authors examined whether strength of environmental coupling enhanced the stability of in-phase bimanual coordination. Detuning by…

Noting the current push for rigor in secondary school curriculums (the lead member of the "new three Rs" of rigor, relevance, and relationships), Washor and Mojkowksi take a closer look at the prevailing conception of rigor. They argue that a narrowly defining a rigorous curriculum as one with more advanced courses and more factual content…

Objective: The authors' purpose in this study was to investigate the influence of knowledge of osteoporosis, attitudes regarding osteoporosis, and knowledge of dietary calcium on dairy product intake in both male and female college-age students. Participants: The authors conducted this cross-sectional study on 911 men and women enrolled in 2…

Reversal and nonreversal shifts in 19 2- to 14-year-old autistic children were studied. Results indicated that the older autistic children did better on reversal shifts than did younger children, who performed better on nonreversal shifts. Findings were consistent with those for normal children. (Author)

Uses the balance scale task to assess the development of compensation across versions of the task. Shows that fully reversible thinking may not be typical even in college students; many subjects used the compensation operation inconsistently. Preschoolers tended to use the given information in a way that was opposite to that required for correct…

It is urged that investigators lay aside demonstrations of the existence of mediation in young children as focus of research, substituting a search for the conditions of its occurrence. (Authors)

The orderly increase in the proportion of subjects who make optional reversal shifts over an age scale that now encompasses a range from 3 to 18 is confirmed. (Authors)

Purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of pre- and postshift stimulus similarity, type of shift, and difficulty of discrimination in the standard solution shift - concept identification paradigm. (Authors/CB)

Results offer strong support to the notion that ontogenetic changes occur in the tendency for humans to prefer an Intradimensional over an Extradimensional choice in an optional discrimination shift paradigm. (Authors)

Thirty 7-year-old and 26 10-year-old boys were presented with temporal sequences of meaningful and meaningless figures to determine the differences in perception and retention of above- and below-average readers. (Author/AJ)