To assess the strength of conceptual understanding of number sense, a three-tier number sense test (TTNST) for fifth-grade students was developed and validated in this study. The three-tier test includes a content tier that assesses content knowledge of number sense, a reason tier that assesses a reason given for selecting a first-tier response,…

Flexibility is an important element in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether flexibility in linear equation solving predicts future academic achievement in mathematics and other subjects. Participants were 149 Finnish high-school students. Results show that flexibility was related to grades in both tracks of…

Understanding fractions has been a pervasively difficult skill for struggling math learners, yet it is essential for success in secondary level mathematics skills. The present systematic review examined the evidence base of fraction interventions for elementary level students identified as struggling math learners. Twelve studies met inclusion…

Teaching mathematics in children's first language has both cognitive benefits and assists with developing cultural and mathematical identity. In Papua New Guinea, many different Indigenous languages are used for instruction in elementary schools and teachers often need to identify or develop mathematics terminology themselves. Building on prior…

In this article, Lindsey Fowler describes how an animal rhyme--that she shared with her fifth-grade students with the intention of assisting them with the concept of metric conversions--made fostering the Standards for Mathematical Practice (SMP) more difficult. The addition of animals, which added an extraneous element that students mistakenly…

In this study we investigated the relationship between urban eighth grade students' Hands-On Exposure to Algebraic Thinking (HEAT) competition performance and their subsequent performance on standardized measures of mathematics achievement (ACT Composite Score, ACT Math Scores, and Louisiana Algebra End of Course Exams). It was found that the…

This study investigated whether strategy accuracy and flexibility on various types of complex multiplication problems could predict college GPA concurrently and longitudinally in 164 college engineering students. Additionally, it sought to answer whether low- and high-achieving students would show unique patterns of strategy flexibility, accuracy,…

Mastering the basic facts for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division is an essential goal for all students. Most educators also agree that success at higher levels of math hinges on this fundamental skill. But what's the best way to get there? Are flash cards, drills, and timed tests the answer? If so, then why do students go into the…

Undergraduate calculus is a foundational mathematics sequence that previews the sophistication students will need to succeed in higher-level courses. However, students often struggle with concepts in calculus because they are more abstract and visual than those in other foundational mathematics courses. Additionally, women continue to be…

This study investigated the types of questions that prospective teachers of mathematics asked their students during whole-class discussions, how these questions changed over time, and why. Four prospective teachers were interviewed at the beginning and end of a 10-week period of student teaching to elicit their views about the kinds of questions…

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the application of mathematical software to the mathematical abilities of students in Indonesia. For this purpose, 64 effect sizes from 51 studies published in national and international journals from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using the meta-analysis method. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA)…

The main objectives of this study were to construct a conceptual model of parent-child math discourse strategies (MDS) and explore (a) the differences between mother's and father's MDS with their children, (b) the relations between parents' MDS and children's responses, and (c) the relations between parent-child MDS and children's math…

In Chile, a vast and persistent gender gap in math performance at university admission has negative consequences for women's opportunities. International evidence suggests that these gender differences reflect gender inequities in educational and economic opportunities available in a given culture. A theoretical model suggests that sociocultural…

The current research sought to examine the impact of a week-long mathematics camp on motivation and self-efficacy beliefs of participating middle school students. Middle school students participated in a one-week mathematics camp on a college campus, where they worked on authentic mathematics activities that were applied to real world concepts.…

The objective of this study is to explore the effect of the Big Math for Little Kids Program (BMKL) on the mathematical development of bilingual preschool children. For this purpose, an experimental design with pre-test/post-test with control group was employed. A total of 60 children from Diyarbakir were included in the research sample. Of these,…