Associations between maternal attachment patterns and cognitive skills at first grade were examined, and mediators of identified associations tested using Phase I and II data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Care and Youth Development, a prospective study of 1364 children and families from birth…

Among the sources of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs, mastery experiences are postulated to be the most potent. Thus it seems likely that other sources of self-efficacy would play a larger role early in learning when fewer mastery experiences are available. Among the 255 novice and careers teachers who participated in this study, contextual…

Background/Context: Rabbi Raymond Zwerin and Audrey Friedman Marcus published the Gestapo Holocaust simulation game in 1976. Since that time it has been a source of debate among Jewish intellectuals and other scholars concerned with the pedagogy of the Holocaust. Even the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has weighed in on the issue, taking…

The relationship between city population size and suicide rates rarely has been examined directly, though scholars often assume such a relationship exists based on studies of the association between suicide rates and urbanization (percent of the population living in cities) in various social contexts. In an effort to determine the basic…

The aim of the present study is to elucidate the influence of context on the kinematics of the reach-to-grasp movement. In particular, we consider two basic modes of social cognition, namely cooperation and competition. In two experiments kinematics of the very same action--reaching-to-grasp a wooden block--were analyzed in two different contexts…

Reexamines the assumption that better theories of reading can lead to improved instruction. Considers (1) the theory-practice relationship as a problem of translating descriptive and operational definitions in practice and (2) the role partial specification plays in the formulation of descriptive and operational definitions of reading in theory…

Presents a case example of contextual marital therapy in the treatment of a couple who presented for therapy because of an extramarital affair. The focus of this case centers on how the idea of forgiveness might be utilized to facilitate reconciliation in conflicted relationships. (GCP)

Describes environment analysis as the part of instructional design's front end analysis that looks at the context in which the instructional product will be used. Physical and use factors of the instructional environment and support environment are considered, and an environment analysis job aid is included. (three references) (LRW)

Discusses constitutive and regulative knowledge; considers a knowledge community; discusses knowledge codes; describes a heuristic framework for knowledge contexts; and examines the problem of scientific misconduct, suggesting that its definition depends on the knowledge context in which it presents itself. (37 references) (LRW)

Describes activity theory, which provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationships among evaluation inquiry, technology, and the social contexts of technologically mediated evaluation practice. In activity theory, the activity provides the fundamental unit of analyses. The focus is on the use of tools by a subject to achieve an…

Introduces this special issue of the journal, which focuses on negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. The articles discuss various aspects of negotiation of identities by linguistic minority speakers. (Author/VWL)

We studied the capability of the cricket "Gryllus bimaculatus" to select one of a pair of odors and to avoid the other in one context and to do the opposite in another context. One group of crickets was trained to associate one of a pair of odors (conditioned stimulus, CS1) with water reward (appetitive unconditioned stimulus, US+) and another…

Context variability can be defined as the number of preexperimental contexts in which a given concept appears. Following M. Steyvers and K. J. Malmberg's (2003) work, the authors have shown that concepts that are experienced in fewer preexperimental contexts generally are better remembered in episodic memory tasks than concepts that are …

The purpose of this study was to generate a snapshot profile of the teaching and learning environment in each of five schools in Cape Town, South Africa. The generated profile would in turn facilitate the identification of critical, localized and systemic factors that might be targeted by a whole school intervention programme to improve the…

In 2002-2003, 1 million students participated in AP by taking at least one exam. Five years later, nearly 1.6 million did--a 50+ percent increase. But is growth all good? Might there be a downside? Are ill prepared students eroding the quality of the program? Perhaps harming the best and brightest? To find out, the Thomas B. Fordham Institute…