Examined effects of preparer (leader versus other personnel) and modality (group versus individual) on expectations about therapy, anxiety, group and individual functioning, and leader functioning in group therapy preparation program. Findings from 32 graduate students revealed that preparation can have positive effect on clients' beliefs,…

An analysis of apparent program failure should determine whether the fault lies with the program model, implementation strategy, expectations, or evaluation methods. The evaluation should be planned before completing and carrying out the program design. (SK)

Because of grading's imprecision and the absence of uniform intervals between grades, grades are really ordinal data. Because this is true, best summary of grades is median, not mean. Under this system, many C students are motivated to work harder, since one or two problem areas will not drag them down. Students also have less anxiety and improved…

Faculty participation in NASSP's Mentoring and Coaching program has positively influenced student-faculty relations in the Department of Educational Leadership at Florida State University. Proteges can arrange successful mentorships if they clarify needs and expectations, are time-conscious, respect and appreciate their mentors, maintain a dialog,…

Interviews with 27 "outsider" community development workers explored such issues as who benefits from outsider intervention, raising unrealistic expectations, and differing levels of risk. Workers must be aware of their considerable power (information, connections, and expertise) and the values that shape their use of it. (SK)

Results of an exercise in which 145 banking managers mentored a hypothetical protege indicated that mentors anticipated greater rewards and were more willing to mentor the better their proteges' past performance. Mentors were more willing to mentor and anticipated greater rewards if male proteges were married and female proteges were single. (SK)

Interviewed 15 male caregivers from diverse backgrounds caring for their wives with Alzheimer's disease. Found following themes: commitment, social isolation, loss of companionship, control, sense of accomplishment, problem-solving approach, burden lessening with years of caregiving, and limited expectations of children. Typology of male…

Reviews commonly used search engines (AltaVista, Excite, infoseek, Lycos, HotBot, WebCrawler), focusing on existing comparative studies; considers quality dimensions from the customer's point of view based on a SERVQUAL framework; and groups these quality expectations in five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and…

Longitudinal data from a school-based alcohol-prevention trial involving 385 girls and 353 boys were used to show how a model using individual growth modeling and a covariance structure approach can investigate relationships among individual changes in two domains (positive and negative alcohol expectancies). Advantages of the approach are…

Cooperative-education experiences of 80 Australian, 107 Dutch, 50 English, and 50 Scottish students were compared. Australian students expected higher workplace involvement, greater control, and more work pressure than did Dutch students. The Dutch had lower expectations of the social climate. Scottish students expected more autonomy on the job.…

Describes the family dynamics of the workaholic family, based on emerging research and families the author has seen in treatment. Presents a case study as well as structural and dynamic characteristics of the workaholic family and treatment recommendation. Suggests that family members are affected by workaholism and may develop mental-health…

Examines relative effects of cognitive expectation and actual communication behavior of undergraduate students on communication outcomes. Manipulates expectations (pleasant versus unpleasant communication) and communication (high or low involvement). Examines individual and combined influence on affective outcomes, evaluations, and interaction…

Asks how advisees and advisers view adviser empathy in terms of perspective taking, empathic concern, and communicative responsiveness. Examines advisee perceptions/evaluations and the relationship between adviser perceptions of adviser empathy and adviser perceptions/evaluations of communication behavior in advising interaction. Finds that…

Explores the hypothesis that spouses involved in couples counseling will present similar intimacy complaints. Couples (N=100) described their expectations and perceptions of current marital intimacy. Results show that husbands and wives came to counseling with different intimacy complaints. Discusses implications of these results for case…

Eight low-functioning and non-verbal children with autism were presented with a modified version of the "still face" paradigm in an investigation of their expectancies concerning human social behavior. Results indicated the children were unable to form a generalized expectancy for social contingency in human beings with whom they have not yet had…