Comparison of scores of 166 undergraduates on the Mathematics American College Test, Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale, and an outcome expectation scale showed that self-efficacy mediated the effects of past achievement on interest in math. Achievement and self-efficacy predicted math grades; outcome expectation and self-efficacy predicted interest…

Discusses what is wrong with encouraging high school students to apply to their dream school as a college choice when they have no real chance of being accepted. Contends that concentrating on an unrealistic dream school steals away serious exploration of all other colleges. Suggests ways that college advisors can burst the bubble of the "dream…

The influence of anger on mothers' judgments of children and socialization was examined in a 5-week study of 48 mothers of 6- to 8-year-old children. Findings provided evidence that angry mothers expect their children to act more negatively, thereby supporting the proposal that anger may negatively bias parents' reactions. (SH)

Administered measures of self-efficacy and outcome expectations regarding posthospital adjustment to hospitalized psychiatric patients (n=103) at discharge. Results indicated that self-efficacy contributed significantly to prediction of both symptom distress and motivation regarding community adaptation, independently of demographics, past…

Male and female graduate students (n=103) employed in various work setting were asked to imagine themselves either as having been referred to counseling by their supervisors or as having referred themselves. Responses to Expectations about Counseling Questionnaire revealed no differences for referral condition; sex differences were found on 6 of…

Schools are operated at two levels: practicing teachers and administrators and nonteaching educationists. U.S. Education Secretary Lamar Alexander has no real relationship with teachers (school assembly-line workers) or parents more concerned about sex education, ethnic representation, and library contents than "world class" standards.…

The African is confronted with a number of challenges to intellectual development: colonial nonrecognition of other cultures; establishment of a non-Western self in the context of Western ideas and schooling; Eurocentrism; explosion of knowledge; and personal commitment in the face of societal expectations. Accomplishments of several African…

Training, not education, is a common outcome of Japanese education--even at the university level. Individual initiative and independent thought are savagely repressed, and students are harshly punished or bullied for nonconformist behavior. Children of executives transferred to foreign countries face great discrimination when reentering Japanese…

Suggests that professional training does not always adequately prepare women to enter and manage university careers. Concludes that women often encounter barriers because they may not know "how to play the game." Proposes two models that provide powerful tools women can use to evaluate their work settings, form realistic expectations, and…

Responses from 227 of 389 female and 161 of 333 male college business seniors found that, although expecting similar starting salaries, women anticipate considerably lower earnings in subsequent years. The difference was not explained by the number of years women planned to be in the labor force. (SK)

Findings from university students (n=92) who sought career counseling suggest that clients have fairly clear ideas about what they want from career counseling and about what the experience should be like. Clients appeared less certain about what career counseling would actually be like and were less optimistic about it. (Author/NB)

Responds to concerns raised by Tracey and Tinsley in previous articles which looked at Galassi et al.'s article on client anticipations and preferences regarding career counseling. Asserts that research in new area should incorporate variety of methods and philosophies including those that are more empirical or discovery-oriented in focus rather…

Analysis of essays comparing experiences in gifted and regular classes written by sixth grade gifted students found that many students felt teachers and peers outside the gifted class had unfair expectations of them. Other topics addressed by students included grading, group work, lack of acknowledgement for effort, treatment by peers, and teacher…

Examines whether violations that are incongruent with student expectations are significantly different than congruent violations of expectancy in relation to student ratings of instruction. Shows that college students having high expectations/high experiences evaluated teachers more favorably than students with low expectations/high experiences,…

Administered Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-SCL-90-R to 27 wives who were caring for their spouses suffering from dementia. Alpha coefficient for AGS was 0.84, indicating good internal consistency. AGC was positively and significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and hostility dimensions of SCL-90-R,…