The effects of variation in instructional media design for all learners and for low and high ability learners considered separately are investigated in this paper, and the results are collected into a set of prescriptions for instructional media design. The literature of the aptitude-treatment interaction field is reviewed, and 10 statements on…

This yearbook presents theories of learning, discusses the research on which they are based, and suggests ways to apply these theories to concrete learning situations. After an introduction to the more prominent theories in chapter 1, the remaining chapters present more specific areas and questions. The next three chapters deal with motivation,…

This book is a compilation of literature and research concerning how children learn. The first chapter is a historical introduction to research in learning that summarizes the major developments of the last 100 years and relates these developments specifically to children's learning. The main body of the text is divided into six major topics: (1)…

The paper discusses various models and theories of personal income distribution inequality. The first section presents the logic for adopting one conceptual and statistical approach in measuring and analyzing income inequality and the second presents empirical evidence on income inequality from 1939 to 1970. A brief survey of the human capital…

With the aim of viewing children as individuals and not as psychological problems or creatures to be taught, The Children We Teach examines the roles of child and teacher as they relate to one another and as they relate to the subject matter and learning tasks of early school years. Included are discussions of relationships among children, of…

The current status of career counseling theory is explored. The emphasis is on counselee self-knowledge rather than counselor knowledge about and duration of the counselee. Noting that occupational information is abundant and that some methods of accumulating information about counselees' attitudes, values and interests are available, the authors…

A compilation of recommendations affecting the requirements at the University of Illinois includes chapters on foreign language study relating to degree requirements, program objectives, cultural objectives, motivation and interest, methods, and individual differences. A full description of the requirement by the college, a questionnaire used by…

Confusion has arisen because tests are described as criterion-referenced or norm-referenced. Generally, these terms should apply to scores and not to tests since either type of score may be obtained for any test. Various terms such as absolute scores, fixed-standard scores and mastery-test scores may be more appropriate substitutes for…

The major portion of this book of readings contains selections from unpublished materials such as academic theses and other research reports which generally are not conveniently available. The aim has been to select passages which tell about actual procedures used in individualized reading rather than passages giving opinions for or against it.…

Teaching an entire class at one level inevitably leaves some students bored and frustrated; team teaching and individualized instruction eliminate this problem. A team consists of two to seven teachers, the most experienced being leader. He must analyze the strengths of the group and plan the syllabus accordingly, inviting guest instructors to…

The main effort during the reporting period was focused on Projects A and B of the research proposal. The aim of Project A is to develop strategic disposition tests for determining individual competence and preferred learning style. The aim of Project B is to examine the relationships between individual competence and performance on a task under…

Career education is a new approach that should be designed to develop a clear perspective of the students self and his role for a productive and satisfying life. Therefore, the initial and continuing priority in career education should focus on the student. It also necessitates career preparation for all students. The emphasis, however, should be…

A method for assessing the structure of organization was developed on the basis of the ordinal separation, or proximity, between pairs ot items in recall protocols over a series of trials. The proximity measure is based on the assumption, common to all indices of organization, that items which are coded together in subjective memory units will…

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RISK TAKING WERE STUDIED IN A SAMPLE OF 162 MIDDLE-CLASS CHILDREN IN GRADE 5. MEASURES OF ANXIETY, CREATIVITY, DEFENSIVENESS, INTELLIGENCE, AND RISK TAKING WERE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE CERTAIN SELECTED RELATIONSHIPS. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDED THAT CREATIVITY BEARS A MORE POWERFUL RELATIONSHIP TO RISK TAKING THAN DOES…

THE CONCEPT OF PERSERVATION WAS EXTENDED TO A MORE NEURAL LEVEL TO INCLUDE PERSISTENCE OF TRACE ACTIVITY, AND A STUDY WAS MADE TO SEARCH FOR THE DIMENSIONS OF TRACE PERSISTENCE. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES OF INDIVIDUAL LEARNING PROCESSES AMONG STUDENTS. THE STUDY DID NOT TAKE THE TRADITIONAL PERSONALITY-MOTIVATION…