Whether or not the racial composition of a school affects black students' educational expectations is examined in this paper. It compares the educational expectations of 1973 high school sophomores with a 1967 group. Data were collected via questionnaires administered to groups of entire 10th grade classes. The study population was drawn from a…

This research explored three neglected facets of the relationship between athletics and achievement: (1) sex differences, (2) the broader range of extracurricular activities, and (3) the age range of adolescents. The sample consisted of 3000 males and females in grades 7 through 12. For both sexes, academic achievement was positively related to…

In an attempt to determine the academic expectations of beginning Master's level students in a Counselor Education program, a 50-item questionnaire was administered to 38 of those students. Additionally, the entire faculty of this department was surveyed using the same instrument to determine how closely their views matched those of the students.…

Reports an experimental effort to determine the validity of the proposition in deviance theory which holds that to label a person is to produce a change in the expectancies one holds for his performance. (Author/DEP)

Two hundred college students, most of whom had been administered the Rotter I-E and trust scales prior to the experiment, were assigned to testing groups. Findings indicate that clear sex-role stereotypes exist with regard to both locus of control and trust, and that the stereotypes are shared by subjects of both sexes. (Author)

The study analyzed the nature of parental and staff expectation for the future achievement potential of 45 learning disabled (LD) students. Forty-five groups of parents and 45 sets of staff members (consisting of a regular class and an LD teacher) were administered the Jensen and Kogan Rating Scale which measures expectations in the areas of…

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence and the relative salience of imagery and contextual cues in the mediation of preschoolers' emotional stereotypes. Fourteen male and 14 female preschoolers enrolled in a university summer preschool program were presented with six hypothetical emotional situations in story form -- 2 each for…

Background knowledge and experience individuals bring to an activity influence the degree of meaning derived from it. This paper focuses on children's knowledge and text comprehension as it explores the nature of the relationship between them. Studies with children between the ages of five and twelve were undertaken to examine the effect of…

College students' expectations regarding the physiological, psychological, and social effects of marijuana were investigated. A sample of 210 undergraduates stated their expectations about the effect of the drug by answering a series of structured-response type questions. Also, Ss provided background information related to their expectations about…

Three explanations for post-stress performance decrement were investigated--learned helplessness, passive uncontrollability, and distrust. A group of male and female undergraduates at Carthage College (N=112) were exposed to one of four stress treatment conditions: escapable noise (EN), inescapable noise (IN), noise experienced with no expectation…

Observation of two third-grade teachers during the opening days of school revealed different approaches to organizing their classes and instructing pupils on correct classroom behavior. The results of observation are given in narrative form and analyzed. Five principles that characterized the most effective teacher are presented: (1) The teacher…

The influence of expectations and hypothesis testing on subjects' use of particular types of evidence to estimate covariations was investigated. Results of the first study indicated that all subjects relied most on positive confirming evidence and did not over-utilize evidence that was consistent with expectations. Results of the second study…

The Goodman technique of log linear analysis is ideal for family research, because it is designed for categorical (non-quantitative) variables. Variables are dichotomized (for example, married/divorced, childless/with children) or otherwise categorized (for example, level of permissiveness, life cycle stage). Contingency tables are then…

Generalized expectancies for problem solving referred to by Rotter appear to have significant relevance to the field of psychotherapy, particularly four specific expectancies of interest: (1) looking for alternatives; (2) understanding the motives of others; (3) long-term planning; and (4) discriminating differences in psychological situations. A…