The mental processes underlying everyday predictive and postdictive judgments about objects undergoing change or no change were studied with 40 adults. Results supported a single information processing model for describing performance on both prediction and postdiction problems. The implications of the study of everyday inductive reasoning are…

The factor structure of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) (M. Kovacs, 1992) was evaluated in a community sample of 1777 children and 924 adolescents. There were five first-order factors for the child group, and the same five plus one more for the adolescents. Results support the stability and predictability of the obtained factor…

Two studies showed that positive and negative affectivity influenced occupational stress, role strain, and coping. Study 3 added job satisfaction to the model, strengthening its predictive validity. Study 4's addition of personality measures did not improve prediction of job satisfaction and strain. (SK)

Used multiple regression analysis to develop demographically corrected norms for letter and category fluency in 768 normal adults. Together, age, education, and ethnicity were significant predictors of letter and category fluency performance. Presents tables for converting raw fluency scores to these norms. (SLD)

Analyzed data for more than 1,000 students in 62 classes in England to focus on the progress made during the first 3 years of schooling. Considered the adequacy of the baseline assessment in predicting later progress and the progress students made. Overall, results show that effective early provision has a positive impact on academic achievement…

Conducted an exploratory survey of 310 educators to investigate the variables that best predict educators' attitudes toward systematic inquiry in schools. Significant proportions of the variance in the dependent variables were explained by prior participation in research and personal teacher efficacy. Identifies other factors with modest…

For 505 nursing graduates, significant relationships were found between C, D, and F grades and scores on the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurses. Those who passed the exam had significantly higher grade point averages, fewer grades below B, and higher Mosby AssessTest scores. Nontraditional-age students tended to have higher…

Responses of University of California system faculty to three waves of buyout incentives were used to test the hypothesis that 10% higher severance benefits result in 7-8% higher probability of quitting. Quitting probabilities proved difficult to forecast accurately, suggesting that buyouts are not superior to layoffs. (SK)

Characterizes the circumstances under which validity changes may occur as a result of the deletion of a predictor test segment. Equations show that, for a positive outcome, one should seek a relatively large correlation between the scores from the deleted segment and the remaining items, with a relatively low correlation between scores from the…

A study of 933 German adolescents showed that identity achievers displayed the most exploratory behavior, those in identity diffusion the least. Parent behavior had strong, direct impact on childhood exploration. The breadth of childhood exploration was the strongest predictor of adolescent exploration. (SK)

Generalizes the p* class of models for social network data to predict individual-level attributes from network ties. The p* family is a class of models for social networks with parameters reflecting a wide variety of possible structural features. Illustrates the models with an empirical example involving a training course, with trainees' reactions…

A logit model was used to test the likelihood of success of 231 candidates on the Uniform Certified Public Accountants Examination. Significant determinants of success included undergraduate grade point average, age, private accounting experience, and gender. (SK)

Examined whether the Worst Performance rule (G. Larson and D. Alderton, 1990) could be applied to a strategic memory task in which 81 children in grades 2 through 4 were asked to remember different lists of categorizable words. Results show strong support for the rule, with worst performance predicting more unique variance in IQ than any other…

Conducted mini case studies of teachers certified by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) using classroom observations, teacher interviews, and focus group interviews. Findings show considerable variation in the quality of teaching and learning associated with these teachers. Discusses implications for the validity of…

Asserts that the university is in the process of transformation and that interpretations of data intended to show the features of this reinvented university are not completely satisfactory. Suggests that previously published views may be too optimistic and hierarchical, and that an egalitarian if pluralistic university structure and…