Identifies the components implicit within the school curriculum that tend to foster cultural oppression and ethnic deprivation of black students. Points out schools can help black youngsters in their search for identity and self-determination. (Editor/RK)

The goal of this study in exploring the relationship between internal-external control and black political activism was to analyze how the belief systems of activists and non-activists differs, in order to develop some tentative ideas about how more activist-orientations can be developed among black people. Eighty-one black undergraduate students…

Investigated the relationship between adolescent decision-making and their sense of control over the future. Ninety-eight students (11-14 years old) participated in a program emphasizing responsibility, plans, choices, and alternatives. Results indicate that increased knowledge of decision-making raises pupils' sense of control over their…

Finds that the societal factor has the strongest impact on journalists' views about media roles, the organizational factor has a significant but weak impact, and individual factor has virtually no impact. Contrasts two competing models within the societal factor (political determinism vs. cultural determinism) and provides clear-cut evidence in…

Examines whether sexually abused children can benefit from learning knowledge and skills thought to assist in preventing or escaping sexual abuse. A personal safety program was taught to 13 previously abused children and 13 children with no abuse history. After program participation, both groups of children (ages 3-7) demonstrated significant…

Two laboratory studies examined self- and socially caused behavior. Found that subjects who preferred socially caused behavior were more likely to choose spontaneous interactions with strangers (Study 1) and were more accurate in assessing their own influence over behavior of others in self-disclosure task (Study 2) than were those who preferred…

This article describes models and methods of advocacy for families of children with disabilities in elementary and middle school, including self-advocacy, social support advocacy, interpersonal advocacy, and legal advocacy. Issues for parents during these years are discussed, as are the role and needs of siblings. Advocacy is seen as a dynamic…

Examined the effects of perceived control and close alternative outcomes on counterfactual generation (thoughts of what could have been). Subjects played a "wheel of fortune" game in which they controlled one of two wheels. Results supported the idea that people generate counterfactuals about events over which they have perceived…

Examined impact of outcome controllability on counterfactual thoughts (thoughts of what could have been). Two studies showed that outcome controllability affected counterfactual direction: thoughts on how things could have been better were more frequent following controllable outcomes, and thoughts on how things could have been worse followed…

This study examined the integration of "leisure" into the ideology of Alcoholics Anonymous. Participant-observation and in-depth interviews found parallels between the concept of sobriety in Alcoholics Anonymous and philosophical ideals of leisure both as conditions of freedom from compelled activity and freedom to engage in meaningful…

This paper explores the origins, differences, and similarities of community-based rehabilitation, which developed in southern countries, and independent living, which developed in northern countries, for persons with disabilities. Although both approaches share a broad definition of rehabilitation and values emphasizing community and consumer…

A study explored the perspectives of nine participants engaged in a specific person-centered future planning model for individuals with disabilities and their families. Focus group themes included: evolution of person-centered planning circles or teams, inhibitors to the person-centered planning process, supports to the person-centered planning…

Explains that education mainly deals with the formation of the intellectual creative power of a subject giving meaning to things and not with the issue of responding to the demands of the world. Suggests that self-referentiality of signs is not an achievement of the educational subject but a loss of possibilities for actively responding to the…

This article explores the impact of internal barriers, priorities, and personal decisions on the realization of the potential of gifted females. Dilemmas relating to family, fear of success, the development of resilience, multi-potentiality, absence of planning, confusion about effort and ability, perfectionism, unreal expectations, and loneliness…

The qualitative study presented in this article explores motivations for school board membership and conceptions of power held by school board members. The findings of the study suggest a relationship exists between the way board members define power and the type of motivation board members have for service. The implications of these findings for…