Presents the second part of a cognitive model of family conflict. Proposes that high efficacy enhances persistence in family problem solving while low efficacy inhibits such efforts, and that chronic low efficacy may lead to learned helplessness responses in family members. (Author)

Examined the effect of social background and educational experiences on the occupational prestige expectations of Black college students. Overall, college experiences proved more important than social background and high school experiences in predicting long-range occupational prestige expectations. Both ascriptive and achievement factors were…

Examined differences in job orientation between Black and White male and female business college graduates. Significant race differences were found. Factor analysis indicates that Blacks value long-range career objectives and structure considerably more than do Whites, while their preference for intrinsic and extrinsic factors was less pronounced.…

Presents a true-false quiz and lengthy answers on current and emerging findings in school law and educational research. Focuses on the principal's responsibility for improving instruction. (Author/WD)

A study in which British open university students were asked how they came to be studying the social sciences foundation course is reported. The students' approaches to learning are analyzed and their orientations (vocational, academic, personal, and social) are compared to those of students in a conventional university. (MSE)

A survey of 228 Indiana elementary educators examined the administrative role behavior of service deliverers to handicapped students. Role perceptions of special education directors and principals were compared with the expectations of regular and special class teachers and superintendents. The study revealed considerable ambiguity and the…

Presented is evidence bearing on the construct validity of the Estimate of Self-Competence (ESC) Scale, which was designed to measure generalized expectancy of task success. The results of correlational analyses of relationships between the ESC, expectancies of successful performance, and other measures are reported. (Author/AL)

Describes a study designed to investigate the relationship between high school females' self-perceptions on sex-stereotypic attributes and their occupational aspirations and expectations. Concludes that for females, the sex-stereotype function is an important variable in occupational choice. (Author/MJL)

Discusses the British Library's role, identity, and expectations, and comments on successes, charges, and copyright problems of the Lending Division, the current image of the Reference Division, controversial areas within the Bibliographic Services Division, and criticism of library research associated with the Research and Development Department.…

Presents counselor role expectations registered by teachers in 1972 and 1980 from two school systems. Results showed teachers were more certain of the counselor's role in 1980, although 35 percent were still undecided. More in 1980 viewed the counselor as ineffective and thought the counselor had an easier job. (JAC)

Reviews the results of a study which examined verbal classroom interaction between White teachers and their Black and White students. Suggests that, although on most measures teachers did not differentiate their behavior between Blacks and Whites, differences which did occur indicate that White teachers have significantly lower expectations of…

Teacher expectations of student success or failure greatly affect student performance levels. Four distinct areas of teacher-student interaction are: input (new material presented to the student); climate (emotional tone of the interaction); feedback (the teacher's use of praise and criticism); and output (length of time a teacher spends with a…

Provides a conceptual model developed to unify the spectrum of task-, socio-, and psycho-group processes used by guidance and counseling personnel. Describes a structure for group leaders to follow within their various group modalities using four distinguishing variables: objective, size, leader behavior, and member behavior and expectations.…

This study of 44 kindergarten pupils, 40 second graders, and 32 fourth graders assesses (1) prosocial intentions toward a friend in situations in everyday life, (2) prosocial behavior toward a friend in tasks in which sharing leads to decreases in children's own and relative gains, and (3) sex differences in the effects of friendship on prosocial…

Examines the practice of four Quiche folk healers and their use of attributions and cultural beliefs in diagnosis and treatment; and use of rituals, symbols, and verbal suggestions in enhancing credibility. The relationships between culturally congruent diagnosis-treatment, healer's credibility, and client's expectations of cure are also…