Examined the effects of perceived control and close alternative outcomes on counterfactual generation (thoughts of what could have been). Subjects played a "wheel of fortune" game in which they controlled one of two wheels. Results supported the idea that people generate counterfactuals about events over which they have perceived…

Examined impact of outcome controllability on counterfactual thoughts (thoughts of what could have been). Two studies showed that outcome controllability affected counterfactual direction: thoughts on how things could have been better were more frequent following controllable outcomes, and thoughts on how things could have been worse followed…

Attempts to help teachers reflect on classroom practices to encourage more participation in mathematics by all students, especially African Americans. Discusses learning styles of African Americans, culture-fair curriculum, and teacher expectations of African Americans. (14 references) (MKR)

The biggest problems with public schools is that they are public, big, compulsory, and pluralistic. Their powerlessness to achieve a broad consensus for common methods of socialization harms the education of both students who come to school already socialized and those whose background of deprivation did not give them these social values. (SK)

The expectations of college students with no children for their future children's behavior as toddlers and for their own behavior as parents was assessed. Unique predictors for males were family environment and experience with children; for females, experience with children and psychological well-being. (Authors/GH)

Compared to baseline scores, self-efficacy and feelings of preparedness to teach increased for student teachers after the first and second terms of a three-term revised University of British Columbia postdegree teacher education program. There were no significant differences by gender or subject specialization. Contains 53 references. (SV)

Examined low-income teenagers' aspirations and expectations related to high school graduation, college attendance, and work. Personal interviews with 40 low-income seventh through twelfth graders revealed that most respondents expected to graduate from high school, felt graduation would benefit them in future, and thought their parents wanted them…

A discussion of the mentoring relationship between faculty and graduate students looks at the special needs of this population, the two primary goals of transformation and reciprocity, creation of an interpersonal context for successful mentoring, and the dynamics of the reciprocal relationship between mentor and protege. (MSE)

This article argues that more theoretically based research is needed on the academic expectations of gifted adolescents regarding summer enrichment programs. Concept mapping is suggested as an alternative methodological approach to such research and one such map is presented, which was developed by mapping expectations of 74 seventh and eighth…

A college chief advancement officers describes the qualities that make a president an ally in fund raising. These qualities include vision and leadership, commitment to the campus, commitment to advancement, integrity, honesty, perseverance, patience, optimism, communication skills, energy, willingness to learn, humor, creativity, understanding of…

Setting low standards and expectations for the language achievement of students with deafness or hearing impairments results in a self-fulfilling prophecy. A whole-language approach is based on a philosophy of high expectations and recognizes differences among students as factors that add richness to the exploration of language. (JDD)

Teachers need an appreciation for and empathetic understanding of their students, and they require tools for intervening when students have behavior problems or fail to demonstrate effective living skills in school. They must also have the courage to expect students to learn, grow, and live up to classroom standards. (SM)

Describes three case vignettes of college freshmen who are unhappy with their choice of schools early in their freshman years. Considers problems in dormitory living, academic pressures, and interpersonal problems. Discusses change in the campus environment in recent decades and the need for adult involvement in campus life. (NB)

With its inadequate training methods and disregard for teaching and learning knowledge base, Wendy Kopp's Teach for America (TFA) program continues a long tradition of devaluing urban students and deprofessionalizing teaching. One elementary school principal found that recruits lacked teaching skills and were not really dedicated to meeting…

The newly authorized Chapter 1 contains specific provisions for state and local agencies related to improving program quality. A review of state standards since 1989-90 shows that states use minimum standards to identify schools needing improvement and that program improvement requirements have generally failed to stimulate high student…